石羊河流域上游山谷水库蒸发观测与模拟  

Observation and Simulation on the Evaporation of Valley Reservoirs in the Upstream of Shiyang River Basin

作　　者：孙继成 康兴奎 任立新[3] SUN Jicheng;KANG Xingkui;REN Lixin(Gansu Province Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730000,China;Wuwei Occupational College,Wuwei 733000,China;Upstream Hydrological and Water Resources Bureau,YRCC,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限责任公司,甘肃 兰州 730000 [2]武威职业学院,甘肃 武威 733000 [3]黄河水利委员会上游水文水资源局,甘肃 兰州 730030

出　　处：《人民黄河》2019年第9期41-45,共5页Yellow River

摘　　要：水面蒸发的准确量化对于干旱及半干旱区水资源的开发利用具有重要的指导意义。以石羊河流域上游3座中型山谷水库及其周边水文和气象站E-601型蒸发皿蒸发为基础资料,利用PenPan模型模拟蒸发皿蒸发。研究表明:3座水库蒸发皿年蒸发量自东向西递增,分别为1 071.9、1 085.3、1 115.7 mm/a,这种差异受经向效应和海拔效应共同影响,且海拔效应占主导。原始的Pen?Pan模型高估了蒸发皿蒸发,原因是基于Class-A蒸发皿蒸发的PenPan模型高估了净辐射。改进的PenPan模型模拟值与观测值基本一致,且模拟效果略优于原始的PenPan模型。水库与气象站的距离越近,改进的PenPan模型模拟效果越好,但蒸发量较大时,模型结果容易出现高估,这可能受风速影响,因此建议加强水库表面净辐射和风速观测,以对PenPan模型进一步改进和修正。Accurately quantitative of open?water evaporation is great significant to the development and utilization of water resources,especial?ly for the arid region.This study selected three medium?sized valley reservoirs and collected the pan evaporation measured by E601 pan from reservoirs,hydrological and meteorological stations in the upstream of Shiyang River Basin.In addition,the PenPan model was used to calcu?late the evaporation based on regular meteorological data.The results show that the measured Ep is increased from eastern to western reservoirs with the annual mean of 1 071.9,1 085.3 and 1 115.7 mm/a.This difference is mainly controlled by the longitude and altitude effect,and the latter is predominant.Measured Ep is overestimated by 21%from the original PenPan model,which may attribute to the overestimated net radiation by it that originally developing for the E601 pan.The revised PenPan model based on the net radiation is not only in consistent with the measured Ep,but also the model performance(R2=0.70 and RMSE=1.21 mm/d)is better than original PenPan model(R2=0.68 and RMSE=1.51 mm/d).The distance between reservoirs and meteorological station is closer,the model performance is better,but the higher measured Ep is easier to overestimate.Thus,it suggested that the net radiation and wind speed must be measured intentionally to modify the PenPan model in the future.

关 键 词：蒸发皿蒸发 PenPan模型 山谷水库 石羊河流域 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]