黄河下游高效输沙洪水调控指标研究  

Research on Regulation Indices of Floods for High Efficient Sediment Transport in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：申冠卿[1] 张原锋[1] 张敏[1] SHEN Guanqing;ZHANG Yuanfeng;ZHANG Min(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院，河南 郑州 450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2019年第9期50-54,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0405505)

摘　　要：黄河下游河道冲淤变化主要取决于水沙条件,即随流量大小和含沙量高低而变化,含沙量越低则泥沙淤积比越小、单位输沙水量越大,反之,含沙量越高则泥沙淤积比越大、单位输沙水量越小。在黄河水少沙多、水资源日趋紧缺和供需矛盾日益突出的现实条件下,为兼顾河道少淤和减少输沙水量,可通过水库调度,优化水沙搭配、塑造高效输沙洪水。以黄河下游实测场次洪水为基础,建立洪水期下游河道泥沙淤积比与水沙因子间的响应关系,求得流量为4 000 m^3/s时冲淤临界含沙量约为50 kg/m^3;基于黄河下游河道洪水泥沙输移规律,以维持黄河下游河道基本不淤积为约束条件,分析单位输沙水量随含沙量的变化情况,提出了高效输沙洪水泥沙优化配置指标,即洪水流量为4 000 m^3/s、河道淤积比为0~15%时,相应的高效输沙洪水含沙量配置区间为50~75 kg/m^3。Erosion and deposition is depended mainly on oncoming water and sediment in the Lower Yellow River(LYR).It varies with chan?ges of flow discharge and sediment concentration.The less sediment concentration is,the smaller ratio of deposition to oncoming sediment load is,and the larger water volume per unit for sediment transport will be.On the contrary,the higher sediment concentration is,the greater ratio and the less water volume will be.Under a circumstance of less water and more sediment,increasing shortage of water resources and contradiction between supply and demand,optimizing matches of oncoming flow and sediment and modeling floods of high efficient sediment transport can be carried out by reservoir regulation to reduce deposition and water volume for sediment transport.Based on typical floods of high efficient sediment transport in LYR,relationship between the ratio and water and sediment factors was established.A critical sediment concentration for erosion and deposition corresponding to discharge of 4,000 m^3/s was 50 kg/m^3.On the basis of flood and sediment transport pattern in the LYR,this paper analyzed the changes of water volumes per unit for sediment transport with changing of sediment concentration under restriction that the river channel maintained basically no deposition.Then,optimizing indices of flow and sediment for high efficient sediment transport were flood discharge of 4,000 m^3/s,ratio of deposition to incoming sediment load of 0-15%and corresponding sediment concentration range from 50 to 75 kg/m^3.

关 键 词：平衡输沙 输沙水量 高效输沙洪水 调控指标 水沙调控 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1