深凹壳型香港牡蛎家系生长与存活性状比较  

Comparison of growth and survival traits among different deep-cupped shell shape families of Crassostrea hongkongensis

作　　者：莫日馆 肖述[1] 秦艳平[1,2] 张跃环 马海涛[1] 喻子牛[1] MO Riguan;XIAO Shu;QIN Yanping;ZHANG Yuehuan;MA Haitao;YU Ziniu(Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biological Resources and Ecology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东省应用海洋生物重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2019年第5期869-882,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31702340);广东省科技厅项目(2016B020233005,20140208);广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030310442)

摘　　要：为了培育壳型和生长性状优良的深凹壳型香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)新品系,以广东台山镇海湾香港牡蛎野生群体为基础群体,以壳型和生长为主要选育目标,依据壳型指数D和巢式设计建立了30个全同胞家系和1个对照组,评估各家系和对照组在幼虫期和稚贝期的生长和存活性能。结果表明,整个生长阶段,各家系生长性状和存活率的平均值均高于对照组。幼虫期,所有家系壳高、生长速度以及存活率的平均值均高于对照组,所有家系壳高平均值比对照组提高3.78%~7.73%,生长速度提高7.86%,存活率提高2.85%~7.32%。稚贝期,所有家系壳高、壳长以及生长速度、存活率的平均值均高于对照组平均值,壳高提高5.23%~16.32%,壳长提高7.94%~10.69%,生长速度提高9.55%~20.16%,存活率提高3.45%~12.25%。不同家系在不同时期的生长性状和存活性能也表现出较大的差异,G1在整个稚贝期的生长性状、生长速度以及存活率的平均值均显著高于所有家系和对照组的平均值,12月龄G1家系的壳高、壳长、壳宽、壳型指数D、总重、壳重、软体重、存活率比所有家系平均值提高9.83%~54.75%,相比对照组平均值提高23.34%~80.77%,同时G3、G10、G12、G15、G19、G23、G26在稚贝期也表现出较大的生长优势和存活优势。研究表明,深凹壳型香港牡蛎家系选育群体在生长性状和存活性能上均具有较大的优势,G1、G3、G10、G12、G15、G19、G23、G26可作为后期培育生长性能优良的深凹壳型香港牡蛎新品系的育种材料。本研究为中国华南地区培育出深凹壳型、生长性能良好的香港牡蛎优良品种提供了理论基础和数据材料。Crassostrea hongkongensis is mainly distributed and cultured in the brackish waters of the south China coast.Crassostrea hongkongensis retains obvious local characteristics and is the most important oyster culture species on the southern coast of China.The color of the soft body is milky white,and has the advantages of individual hypertrophy,rapid growth,high yield,excellent taste,and high market value.As an important morphological trait of oyster,shell type is one of the targets of oyster breeding;the shell shape is more attractive to consumers,and if it is related to meat yield,it can increase the oyster’s commodity value and present a greater economic benefit.At present,no studies have reported the breeding of oyster shell traits in C.hongkongensis.The aim of this study was to cultivate varieties with fast growth,high quality,and strong resistance,and to promote the stable,healthy,efficient,and sustainable development of the oyster farming industry of C.hongkongensis.In order to create a new strain of C.hongkongensis with a deep-cupped shell shape and improved growth traits,a breeding program of family selection was initiated based on the wild population of this species in Taishan Town,Guangdong Province.The shell depth index was used as an indicator,and 30 full-sib families and one control group were established using a nested design method with shell type and growth being the major breeding objectives.The growth and survival performance of each family and control group were evaluated in the larval and juvenile stages.The results showed that the average growth traits and survival rates of each family were higher than those of the control group during the whole growth period.In the larval stage,the average shell height,growth rate,and survival rate of all families were higher than those of the control group.The average shell height of all families was higher than that of the control group by 3.78%–7.73%,the growth rate increased by 7.86%,and the survival rate increased by 2.85%–7.32%.In the juvenile stag

关 键 词：香港牡蛎 深凹壳型 壳型指数D 家系 生长 存活 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]