渤海银鲳的营养级及摄食习性  

Trophic levels and feeding habits of silver pomfret Pampus argenteus in the Bohai Sea

作　　者：魏秀锦 张波[1,3] 单秀娟 杨涛[1,3] 金显仕 任一平[2,3] WEI Xiujin;ZHANG Bo;SHAN Xiujuan;YANG Tao;JIN Xianshi;Ren Yiping(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛2660003 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2019年第5期904-913,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900904);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB453303);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(20603022016003);山东省泰山学者专项

摘　　要：根据2017年9—11月在渤海进行的3次定点底拖网调查采集的216个样品[包括120个银鲳(Pampus argenteus)样品,51个饵料生物样品和45个比较研究鱼类样品],采用碳、氮稳定同位素技术测定了样品的稳定同位素比值。对银鲳各饵料种类的贡献比率进行了计算,探讨其摄食习性、营养级、生态位宽度和生态位重叠随叉长变化的特征。同时也通过对比研究验证了采用稳定同位素技术研究银鲳摄食生态的准确性。结果表明:(1)渤海银鲳的δ13C值范围为?19.50‰~?14.85‰,平均值为?17.18‰,与叉长相关性不显著(r=?0.03,P=0.71);δ15N值范围为11.55‰~14.77‰,平均值为13.30‰,与叉长相关性极显著,但相关强度是弱相关(r=0.26,P<0.01)。(2)基于R语言的贝叶斯稳定同位素混合模型(SIAR)计算各饵料贡献率,表明渤海银鲳为杂食性,其主要饵料为底层虾类,其贡献率为11.52%~57.49%,平均贡献率为35.03%;其次是中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis),其贡献率为13.52%~42.82%,平均贡献率为27.87%。其他饵料的贡献率从高到低依次为日本枪乌贼(Loligo japonica)、浮游植物和浮游动物,其贡献率范围分别为6.41%~42.57%、0~21.33%和0~16.21%;平均贡献率分别为23.29%、8.08%和5.77%。(3)随叉长增加,银鲳的食物组成存在一定变化。生态位宽幅计算结果表明,渤海银鲳的营养生态位宽度随叉长增大存在先升高后下降的特征,90~109 mm叉长组的生态位宽幅达到最大;但各叉长组营养生态位相似,生态位存在较多的重叠。(4)渤海银鲳的营养级范围为2.84~3.79,平均营养级为3.35;营养级随着叉长增大有升高的趋势。(5)MDS图分析得出银鲳与赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)的δ13C和δ15N值相似性最高。本研究通过碳氮稳定同位素技术对银鲳的营养级和摄食习性有了较全面的了解,对构建渤海全程食物网,进而研究其动态变化具有重要的意义。Based on 216 samples(120 silver pomfret Pampus argenteus samples,51 prey organism samples,and 45 fish samples)obtained from three bottom trawl surveys in the Bohai Sea from September to November 2017,the stable isotope ratios of samples were determined by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope techniques.The contribution ratios of the various types of diet were calculated,and the characteristics of feeding habit,trophic level,niche breadth,and niche overlap with fork length were evaluated.The accuracy of the study in terms of the feeding ecology of silver pomfret based on the stable isotope method was confirmed by a comparative study.The results showed that:(1)theδ13C value of silver pomfret was–19.50‰to–14.85‰,and the average value was–17.18‰,which was not significantly correlated with fork length(r=–0.03,P=0.71).Theδ15N value of silver pomfret was 11.55‰–14.77‰,with an average of 13.30‰.The correlation with the fork length was highly significant,whereas the correlation intensity was weak(r=0.26,P<0.01).(2)Stable isotope analysis(Stable Isotope Analysis in R)based on Bayesian mixing models was applied to calculate the contribution rate of each prey item;the results indicated that the silver pomfret is an omnivore,and its main prey is benthic shrimps,with a contribution rate of 11.52%–57.49%and the average contribution rate was 35.03%.This was followed by Acetes chinensis,with a contribution rate of 13.52%–42.82%and an average contribution rate of 27.87%.The contribution of other prey items was from squid Loligo japonica,phytoplankton,and zooplankton,and their rates were 6.41%–42.57%,0–21.33%,and 0–16.21%,respectively.The average contribution rate was 23.29%,8.08%,and 5.77%.(3)There was some change in the food composition of silver pomfret as the length of the fork increased.The nutrient niche breadth of sliver pomfret tended to increase and then decrease with the change in fork length,and the niche breadth of the 90–109 mm fork length group was maximal.However,the nutrient niches

关 键 词：银鲳 碳氮稳定同位素 摄食习性 营养级 生态位宽幅 渤海 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]