波浪作用下箱网式浮鱼礁水动力特性研究  

Hydrodynamic characteristics of a cage-net floating reef in waves

作　　者：张健 冯德军 王萍 潘昀 桂福坤 ZHANG Jian;FENG Dejun;WANG Ping;PAN Yun;GUI Fukun(National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316002,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2019年第5期1014-1020,共7页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201505025-2);国家自然科学基金项目(31602205);浙江省自然科学基金项目(22246000518)

摘　　要：人工鱼礁可分为沉鱼礁和浮鱼礁,人工鱼礁投放是海洋牧场建设的重要工程基础。浮鱼礁主要用于诱集和保护中上层鱼类,投放受底质条件限制较小,尤其在淤泥底质的海域具有良好的适应性。浮鱼礁主体结构处于中上层位置,受波浪等动力环境影响较大,鱼礁的结构安全性和稳定性是设计和投放中需要重点关注的问题。本研究集合鱼礁集鱼、护鱼和养殖的功能,提出了一种多功能箱网式浮鱼礁结构设计,并建立了水动力数值模型,分析探讨了波高和入水深度对两种锚定形式(单锚绳和多锚绳)的浮鱼礁安全性和稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,相同条件下,单根锚绳固定形式下的锚绳受力总体约为四根锚绳固定时的锚绳受力总和,但网衣网线受力较四根锚绳固定时小。波高对单根锚绳固定的浮鱼礁最大偏转角度影响较大,但四根锚绳固定时,可以显著地降低浮鱼礁最大偏转角度,有效地提高浮鱼礁的稳定性,而且波高越大,效果越明显。波高不变的情况下,随着入水深度的增加,浮鱼礁水平最大偏移迅速减小。当浮鱼礁入水深度为波高的2倍以上时,两种固定方式下的浮鱼礁运动差别可以忽略。Sinking and floating reefs are the main types of artificial reefs,and have been widely used in the development of marine ranching.The floating reef is usually used to trap and protect fishes distributed in the middle and upper water layers.Compared with a sinking reef,the floating reef is less restricted by seabed conditions and demonstrates better performance in the seabed with silt substrate.However,the floating reef can be greatly affected by the dynamic ocean environment,such as waves and current,as its main body is set in the middle and upper water layers.Thus,the structural safety and stability of floating reefs are key points for their design and deployment.This study proposes a newly designed multi-functional cage-net floating reef characterized by its function in both fish protection and culture.Moreover,a numerical model has been established to analyze the effects of wave height and water depth on the structural safety and stability of a floating reef anchored by two modes(single anchor rope and multiple anchor ropes).The results showed that under the same hydrodynamic conditions,in the case of a single anchor rope,the total anchor rope force was almost the sum of the forces for the four anchor ropes;however,the total netting force was less than that in the case of four anchor ropes.Wave height had a great influence on the maximum deflection angle of the floating reef.However,anchoring with four anchor ropes can significantly reduce the maximum deflection angle;the reduction becomes more obvious with increasing wave height,effectively improving the stability of the floating reef.Under conditions of constant wave height,the maximum offset of the floating reef decreased rapidly with increasing deploying water depth.Furthermore,there was minimal difference in the movement of the floating reef between the two anchoring modes when the submergence depth of the main body was twice that of the wave height.

关 键 词：浮鱼礁 锚绳 网衣 数值模拟 水动力特性 网箱 

分 类 号：S95[农业科学—水产养殖]