腭裂术后塞音构音障碍患者的语音特点及康复训练  

Phonological Characteristics and Rehabilitation Training of Abnormal Stops in Older Operated Patients with Cleft Palate

作　　者：闵志云[1] 李峰[1] 徐丽娜[1] 高楠[1] Min Zhiyun;Li Feng;Xu Lina;Gao Nan(Department of Speech Therapy,the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,450052,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院语音治疗科

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2019年第5期472-476,共5页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：河南省教育厅科技基金资助项目(No.2009A320023);河南省卫生厅科技基金资助项目(No.201003030)

摘　　要：目的研究大龄腭裂术后塞音构音障碍患者的语音特点及康复训练的方法。方法采用Model4500计算机语音工作站和包含105个常用汉字的塞音评估字表对120例8~28岁腭裂术后塞音构音障碍患者[学龄期(7~12岁)63例,青春期(13~17岁)35例,成年期(18~28岁)22例;轻度25例,中度34例,重度61例]进行语音评估,分析异常塞音/b/、/p/、/d/、/t/、/g/、/k/的构音错误表现形式,并对患者进行3~6周针对性的康复训练后观察疗效。结果本组腭裂术后塞音构音障碍患者塞音异常的主要错误表现形式为弱化和省略;错误形式最高的为/g/音的省略,占54.17%;弱化发生率最高的为/d/,达39.17%;/b/、/p/、/t/、/k/最高的错误表现形式分别为:/b/音弱化(38.33%)、/p/音弱化(10.00%)、/t/音弱化(34.17%)、/k/音替代为/t/(20.83%)。经3~6周的语音训练后,学龄期、青春期、成人期患者塞音的错误字数分别减少了66.00±21.96、55.73±18.78、55.68±17.03个,训练前后错误字数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);120例患者痊愈102例,好转14例,无效4例,轻度、中度、重度患者治愈率分别为100%(25/25)、88.24%(30/34)、77.05%(47/61)。结论省略和弱化是本组腭裂术后塞音构音障碍患者主要的错误表现形式,各个塞音均有不同程度的异常;针对性的康复训练可有效矫治塞音构音障碍。Objective To explore the phonological characteristics and rehabilitation training of abnormal stops in older operated patients with cleft palate.Methods A total of 120 patients from 8 to 28 years old with abnormal stop consonants of older operated patients with cleft palate received the assessment of the clinical characteristics of their speech.The erroneous articulation patterns of stop consonants/b/,/p/,/d/,/t/,/g/and/k/were analyzed.All of them received speech training.Results The school-age children were the highest among 120 cases.The mainly erroneous articulation patterns were omission and weak pressure.The highest erroneous articulation pattern was the omission of/g/54.17%.The highest rate of weak pressure/d/was 39.17%.The highest erroneous articulation patterns of/b/,/p/,/t/,/k/respectively were the weak pressure of/b/(38.33%),the weak pressure of/p/(10.00%),weak pvessure of/t/(34.17%),and the replacement of/k/(20.83%).102 cases were cured and 14 cases improved after 3~6 weeks of rehabilitation,and the cure rate was 100%(25/25),88.24%(30/34),and 77.05%(47/61)in those with mild,moderate and severe disorders.The number of erroneous stop consonants of the schoolchildren,young people and adults decreased 66.00±21.9,55.73±18.78,and 55.68±17.03 after therapy.The differences of three age groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Omission and weak pressure are the mainly erroneous articulation patterns of abnormal stops in operated older patients with cleft palate.All stop consonants in patients with abnormal stop consonants of older patients make mistakes to different degrees.The targeted speech therapy hereby established is significantly effective.

关 键 词：腭裂术后 塞音 语音特点 康复训练 

分 类 号：H018.4[语言文字—语言学]