钙处理对‘壶瓶枣’裂果细胞壁降解酶活性及组织结构的影响  

Effect of CaCl2 Treatment on Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes Activities and Microstructure of Fruit Cracking of Ziziphus jujuba ’Huping Zao’

作　　者：郭红彦[1] 白晋华[1] 段风琴 郗鑫[1] 李涛[1] 郭晋平 GUO Hongyan;BAI Jinhua;DUAN Fengqin;XI Xin;LI Tao;GUO Jinping(College of Forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;Graduate School,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学研究生院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《园艺学报》2019年第8期1486-1494,共9页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31700534);山西农业大学博士后基金项目;山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2015YJ25)

摘　　要：以‘壶瓶枣’(Ziziphus jujuba‘Huping Zao’)为研究材料,研究不同时期(幼果期、膨大期及成熟期)叶面喷施CaCl2对果皮与果肉细胞壁降解酶活性、细胞壁成分原果胶与纤维素、裂果率、显微结构的影响,为明确钙与‘壶瓶枣’裂果的关系及其潜在生理机制,有效降低枣裂果提供理论及技术支撑。结果表明:不同时期喷CaCl2处理,均显著降低了裂果率,显著降低了果皮和果肉果胶酶与纤维素酶的活性;显著提高了果皮和果肉原果胶与纤维素含量;裂果率与果皮和果肉中果胶酶活性、纤维素酶活性呈极显著正相关,与原果胶含量和纤维素含量呈极显著负相关。CaCl2处理后,枣果角质层保持完整,不发生龟裂;枣果表皮厚度和角质层厚度显著增加;表皮细胞小于对照且排列紧实,果肉细胞排列规整,果肉空腔数减少。幼果期和膨大期喷钙可作为减少‘壶瓶枣’裂果的重要措施。Fruit cracking is seriously harmful to fruit production of Ziziphus jujuba in Northern China.The present study was undertaken to identify agronomic measures to reduce the dehiscent fruit rate of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.‘Huping Zao’,which is the most popular cultivar planted in Shanxi Province.The 0.01 g?mL-1 CaCl2 solution was sprayed during the young fruit stage,fruit expanding stage,and fruit mature period respectively in the field.Then,the dehiscent fruit rate,fruit cell wall degrading enzymes,contents of cell wall compositions,and fruit microstructure were observed.The results showed the dehiscent fruit rate and activities of pectinase and cellulose were significantly decreased with the foliar application of calcium,while the contents of protopectin and cellulose were significantly improved in pericarp and pulp.The dehiscent fruit rate was positively correlated to the activities of pectinase and cellulose,but negatively correlated to the content of protopectin and cellulose.According to the microstructure,the cuticle of jujube fruit without crack was more intact and thicker than the control.Moreover,the fruit epidermal cells were more tightly arranged and smaller than the control,with less cavity in pulp cells.Our data suggested that foliar application of calcium could be applied as an important measure to prevent fruit cracking during both young fruit and fruit expanding stages.

关 键 词：枣 裂果 CACL2 细胞壁降解酶 组织结构 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]