铁尾矿不同复垦模式土壤贮水能力及入渗特征  

Water storage capacity and the infiltration characteristics of soil in different reclamation modes in iron tailings

作　　者：吕春娟[1] 陈丹 郭星星 王煜 郭岩松 LV Chunjuan;CHEN Dan;GUO Xingxing;WANG Yu;GUO Yansong(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,030801,Taigu,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2019年第4期59-66,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金“铁矿干排尾矿坡面生态恢复侵蚀调控机理研究”(41401619);山西农业大学引进人才科研启动项目“铁矿尾砂库植被恢复基质改良研究”(2014ZZ07)

摘　　要：为探究铁尾矿不同复垦模式下土壤水分特征,采用双环入渗法测定6种复垦模式(STJ尾矿砂土菌糠、ST1尾矿砂土、ST2尾矿砂土、SJ1尾矿砂菌糠、SJ2尾矿砂菌糠、T纯土)和对照裸尾矿的土壤入渗过程和贮水性能。结果表明:复垦对土壤贮水性能的提升表现为土壤滞留贮水量>土壤饱和贮水量>土壤吸持贮水量,掺菌糠复垦模式持水贮水量高于掺土复垦模式;6种复垦模式均渗率与初渗率变化趋势相同,是裸尾矿的1.17~4.93倍,其中纯土入渗性能最好,掺菌糠尾矿砂均渗率(1.958 mm/min)高于掺土尾矿砂(1.106 mm/min)。分别用Horton、Philip、Kostiakov模型拟合不同复垦模式水分入渗过程,模型拟合精度分析表明,Horton模型适合模拟裸尾矿水入渗过程,Kostiakov模型是描述其他6种复垦土壤水分入渗的最佳模型;对于复垦年限较短的修复模式,密度、孔隙度是影响该尾矿入渗性能的关键因素,与植被类型关系不明显。不同复垦模式下土壤水分入渗研究结果,可为铁尾矿生态修复和水土保持提供支撑,并为优化尾矿区复垦模式提供参考依据。[Background]A large amount of solid waste results from the large-scale mining of iron ore,thus it seriously damages the ecological environment.The soil erosion,environmental pollution and soil degradation occur in the iron tailings area,thus reclamation of iron tailings is very important to improve the ecological quality of mining area.Because the tailings reconstituted soil type is different from the general natural soil,the effects of reclaimed soil types on water storage and infiltration processes remains being discussed.[Methods]In this research,the double-ring infiltration method was used to study the soil infiltration process and water storage characteristics of 6 reclamation patterns(STJ tailings-soil-mushroom residue,ST1 tailings-soil,ST2 tailings-soil,SJ1 tailings-mushroom residue,SJ2 tailings-mushroom residue,and T pure soil)and control bare sand(CK),and three infiltration models of Horton,Philip,and Kostiakov were used to simulate the water infiltration process.[Results]1)The improvements of soil water storage performance by reclamation were as followed:soil non-capillary water storage>soil saturated water storage>soil capillary water storage.The water-holding capacity in the reclamation mode of mixed mushroom residue(SJ1,SJ2,and STJ)is higher than that in the reclamation patterns of mixed soil(ST1 and ST2).2)The soils in 6 reclamation patterns had the same trend of average infiltration rate and initial infiltration rate,which was 1.17-4.93 times of the bare sand,and the infiltration performance of pure soil was the best in different reclamation patterns.The average infiltration of mixed mushroom residue(SJ1,SJ2,and STJ)(1.958 mm/min)was higher than that of mixed soil(ST1 and ST2)(1.106 mm/min).3)The model fitting accuracy analysis showed that Horton model was suitable for simulating the infiltration process of bare tailings and Kostiakov model was the best model to describe the others.4)For the seven reclamation patterns with short reclamation years,bulk density and porosity were the key factors affec

关 键 词：铁尾矿砂 复垦模式 水分入渗 贮水性能 入渗模型 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]