提前断水对‘沈农265’根系形态生理和产量品质的影响  

Effect of Cut-off Water in Advance on Morphological and Physiology of Roots and Yield and Quality of ’Shennong 265’

作　　者：佟卉[1] 段骅[1] 刘燕清[1] 许庆芬[1] 马骏 王春敏[1] TONG Hui;DUAN Hua;LIU Yanqing;XU Qingfen;MA Jun;WANG Chunmin(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding,Tianjin Crop Institute,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农作物研究所天津市农作物遗传育种重点实验室

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2019年第9期19-24,共6页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31601248);天津市科技支撑重点项目(18YFZCNC01150)

摘　　要：干旱是限制我国农业发展的重要因素,为评估提前断水对水稻生产的影响,找到适宜的断水时间,节约农业用水,本试验以常规粳稻‘沈农265’为材料,分别在齐穗后15,20,25,30 d进行断水处理,模拟后期无水可灌造成的干旱胁迫,研究其对‘沈农265’产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,齐穗后15 d断水、齐穗后20 d断水、齐穗后25 d断水的处理均显著降低了根系伤流量、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根系活跃吸收面积、根系SOD活性、根系IAA含量,显著增加了根系ABA含量,导致产量大幅降低,品质严重变差。齐穗后30 d断水的处理显著降低了根系伤流量、总根长、总根体积和根系总活跃吸收面积,但总根表面积、根系SOD活性、根系IAA、根系ABA含量与对照差异不显著,使得其产量和加工品质与对照差异不显著。说明提前断水会影响水稻根系的形态和生理特性,进而影响产量和品质,但在生产中可以考虑在齐穗后30 d断水,这样既节约水资源又不会对产量和品质造成太大影响。Drought stress is an important factor limited the development of China's agriculture.To evaluate the effect of cut-off water early on rice production,find the right time to cut-off water,saving agriculture water,the experiment used conventional japonica rice'Shennong 265'as the experimental material,the water treatment at 15 d,20 d,25 d,and 30 d after the full heading stage,simulated the drought stress caused by the waterless irrigation in the late were setted,and the effect on the yield and quality of'Shennong 265'were studied.Compared with the control,cut-off water at 15 d after the full heading stage,cut-off water at 20 d after the full heading stage,and cut-off water at 25 d after the full heading stage,significantly reduced the bleeding content of root,total root length,total root surface area,total root volume,root active absorption area,root SOD content,and root IAA content,significantly increased the root ABA content,led to a significant decrease in yield and a severe deterioration in quality.Cut-off water at 30 d after the full heading stage,significantly reduced the bleeding content of root,total root length,total root volume,and root active absorption area,but total root surface area,root SOD content,root IAA content,and root ABA content were not significantly different with the control,led to the yield and processing quality were not significantly different with the control.It indicated that cut-off water early affected the morphology and physiological characteristics of rice roots,which affected the yield and quality.However,in production,cut-off water at 30 d after the full heading stage could be considered,and saved water resources without too much impact on yield and quality.

关 键 词：断水 沈农265 根系 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511.6[农业科学—作物学]