不同品种优质小麦施钾效果差异研究  

Difference of the Application Effect of Potassium in Different High-quality Wheat Varieties

作　　者：张运红[1] 杜君[1] 杨占平[1] 和爱玲[1] 姚健[1] 黄绍敏[1] 杜保池 骆晓声[1] ZHANG Yunhong;DU Jun;YANG Zhanping;HE Ailing;YAO Jian;HUANG Shaomin;DU Baochi;LUO Xiaosheng(Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment,Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;Changge Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Changge,Henan 461506,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所河南省农业生态与环境重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]长葛市农业科学研究所,河南长葛461506

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2019年第9期29-33,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD201703);河南省科技开放合作项目(172106000044);国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD23B0208)

摘　　要：采用大田试验,通过考察干物质、产量、钾含量及其利用效率,研究3个不同品种优质小麦(郑麦0943、郑麦0856和郑麦7698)施钾效果差异,揭示优质小麦钾素吸收利用特征。结果显示,施钾可不同程度提高3个优质小麦功能叶片SPAD值,从而促进小麦干物质积累和产量的增加。不同优质小麦品种比较,不施钾条件下,郑麦7698产量及各构成因子最高,施钾后花后干物质转移率及产量变化幅度均最小;且钾素利用效率无论施钾与否都维持较高水平,钾素收获指数和钾肥生产效率也高于其它两个小麦品种,说明郑麦7698具有钾高效利用特征。郑麦0856施钾后产量、穗数和穗粒数增加幅度均高于其他两个小麦品种;其钾素农学利用率也最高,说明郑麦0856对钾素较为敏感。A field experiment was conducted to study the difference of the application effects of potassium in three high-quality wheat varieties(Zhengmai 0943,Zhengmai 0856 and Zhengmai 7598)though the investigation of dry matter accumulation,yield,potassium content and its utilization efficiency,in order to reveal the characteristics of potassium utilization of high-quality wheat.The results showed that potassium application raised SPAD value of functional leaves of three high-quality wheat varieties to different extent,thereby promoted dry matter accumulation and increased the yield.On the comparison among different genotypes of wheat varieties,Zhengmai 7698 had the highest yield and composition factors under the condition of no potassium application,and there was the least variation in dry matter transfer rate after flowering and yield after potassium application;moreover,Zhengmai 7698 had higher potassium use efficiency whether potassium application or not,and potassium harvest index and its production efficiency were also higher than the other two wheat varieties,indicating that Zhengmai 7608 showed the characteristics of potassium high-efficiency utilization.After potassium application,Zhengmai 0856 had the bigger increase than the other two wheat varieties in yield,numbers of ears and grains of single ear,and its potassium agronomic use efficiency was also the highest,indicating that Zhengmai 0856 was sensitive to potassium.

关 键 词：钾 优质小麦 干物质积累 产量 钾素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]