合作市山地草甸草场植被盖度、产草量及养分含量动态研究  

Dynamic Study on Coverage,Productivity and Nutrient Content of Mountain Meadow in Hezuo

作　　者：俞联平 李昀 李新媛 陈兴荣 俞慧云 才让吉 王学良 吴昌顺 杜笑村 王银花 Yu Lianping;Li Yun;Li Xinyuan;Chen Xinrong;Yu Huiyun;Cai Rangji;Wang Xueliang;Wu Changshun;Du Xiaocun;Wang Yinhua(Grassland Technical Extension Station of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730010,China;Grassland Station of Hezuo City,Hezuo,Gansu 747000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省草原技术推广总站,兰州730010 [2]合作市草原工作站,甘肃合作747000

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2019年第5期31-36,82,共7页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：草地可食牧草与放牧家畜季节性营养平衡研究;甘肃省现代草食畜产业技术体系(GARS-CS-4)

摘　　要：为合理利用草原,保护草原生态,以甘肃省甘南州合作市山地草甸草地为对象,将“3S”技术与地面调查、实验室检测相结合,通过像元二分模型、估产建模和克里金插值等方法,研究山地草甸牧草生长期植被盖度和可食牧草产量及分级变化,牧草养分含量及动态。结果表明:2017年6—8月合作市山地草甸植被盖度及盖度级别、可食牧草平均鲜草产量和总鲜草产量均以7月增幅较大。盖度级别以Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级为主,8月盖度最高(77.10%),Ⅰ级盖度占比最大(64.12%)。鲜草产量从6月的1 500~4 500 kg/hm^2产量级为主,向7月的1 500~6 000 kg/hm^2产量级、8月的1 500~4 500 kg/hm^2产量级转变,平均鲜草产量7月达最高值4 097.03 kg/hm^2。以7月总鲜草产量为基础的山地草甸暖季草场承载力为0.76万个羊单位,冷季草场承载力为6.75万个羊单位,四季草场承载力为6.38万个羊单位。可食牧草粗蛋白和磷含量随牧草生长期延续而降低,而粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和钙含量增加。单位面积粗蛋白、粗脂肪和磷产量7月最高,分别为171.55、39.63和0.028 kg/hm^2,钙产量8月达最高值(0.073 kg/hm^2)。Alpine grassland is the material basis of grassland animal husbandry production in alpine pastoral area,also an important water conservation area and ecologically fragile area in alpine pastoral area.In order to make rational use of grassland and protect grassland ecology,taking the mountain meadow in Hezuo city of Gannan as target,combining"3S"technology with ground survey and laboratory detection,studying on vegetation coverage,yield and gradation of edible forage,nutrient content and dynamics in mountain meadow during growth period by dimidiate pixel model,modeling of yield estimation and kriging interpolation.The results showed that from June to August,the vegetation coverage and coverage grade,average fresh yield and total fresh yield of edible forage in mountain meadow increased greatly in July.The vegetation coverage of mountain meadow were mainly grade I and II.The vegetation coverage of mountain meadow was the highest in August(77.10%),and the coverage of grade I was the largest(64.12%).The fresh yield of mountain meadow changed from 1 500-4 500 kg/hm^2 in June to 1 500-6 000 kg/hm^2 in July,and to 1 500-4 500 kg/hm^2 in August respectively,the average fresh yield reached the highest values of 4 097.03 kg/hm^2 in July.Based on the total fresh yield in July,the carrying capacity of warm-season pasture was 7 600 sheep units,of cold-season pasture was 67 500 sheep units and of four seasons pasture was 63 800 sheep units.The crude protein and P content of edible forage decreased with the growth of forage,while the crude fat,NDF,ADF and Ca content increased.The yield of crude protein,crude fat and P in the unit area were the highest in July,which were 171.55,39.63 and 0.028 kg/hm^2 respectively.The Ca content of mountain meadow was the highest in August(0.073 kg/hm^2).

关 键 词：合作市 山地草甸 植被盖度 牧草产量 牧草养分含量 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]