剪枝栎实象对寄主的产卵选择与剪枝行为的关系研究  

Study on the Relationship Between Host Preference and Cutting Branch Behaviors of Mechorhis ursulus Roelofs

作　　者：李维 赵倩倩 张智英 李玉辉[2] 葛佳[3] 胡劭骥 LI Wei;ZHAO Qianqian;ZHANG Zhiying;LI Yuhui;GE Jia;HU Shaoji(Institute of Ecology and Environment,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;School of Tourist and Geographical Sciences,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China;Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态学与环境学院,昆明650091 [2]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,昆明650500 [3]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650201 [4]云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,昆明650091

出　　处：《四川动物》2019年第5期526-530,共5页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960221,30960061);云南大学科研创新项目(2018Z078)

摘　　要：剪枝栎实象Mechorhis ursulus Roelofs可危害多种壳斗科Fagaceae植物坚果,雌虫产卵时具有剪断产卵果枝的独特行为,是引起该类植物自然更新困难的因子之一。通过对中国科学院昆明植物所植物园栽种的青冈属Cyclobalanopsis、栎属Quercus、石栎属Lithocarpus、栗属Castanea等壳斗科植物剪枝栎实象危害调查,测量壳斗科植物种子中蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、单宁的含量和果枝茎杆直径,探讨剪枝栎实象寄主选择与剪枝行为的关系,同时通过人为接卵,获得幼虫的存活率和体质量。结果显示,植物园剪枝栎实象的主要寄主植物是滇青冈Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides和锥连栎Quercus franchetii;8种植物种子营养之间的差异无统计学意义。人为接卵在寄主与非寄主植物种子中的幼虫存活率、体质量之间的差异无统计学意义。剪枝栎实象对壳斗科果枝茎杆直径<3.00 mm的植物危害较重,直径3.00~4.00 mm的植物危害较轻,直径>4.00 mm的植物无危害。由此可见,剪枝栎实象对寄主有明显的选择性,受寄主果枝茎杆直径的影响,与寄主种子营养及单宁含量无明显相关。Mechorhis ursulus Roelofs(Coleoptera:Attelabidae)damages the nuts of many kinds of Fagaceae plants by its special behavior of cutting fruit branches on which eggs have been laid.This is one of the reasons for natural regeneration difficulty of influenced Fagaceae plants.The damages of M.ursulus on Fagaceae trees were investigated in Kunming Plant Garden,including genera Cyclobalanopsis,Quercus,Lithocarpus,and Castanea.The content of protein,crude fat,crude fiber and tannin in the seeds,and the diameter of the fruit branches were measured.The eggs of M.ursulus were artificially introduced into the seeds of different plants,and the survival rate and body mass of the larva were recorded.The results showed that the preferred hosts of M.ursulus were C.glaucoides and Q.franchetii in the studied area.The nutrition and tannin content among 8 plants seeds had no significant difference.Furthermore,no significant differences of survival rate and body mass were detected between the larvae from the host and non-host plants seeds.However,the damage degree of Fagaceae plants by M.ursulus was related to the fruit branch diameter.These results revealed that M.ursulus had a significant preference for the host plants,especially the fruit branch diameter.

关 键 词：剪枝栎实象 壳斗科 寄主选择 剪枝行为 果枝茎杆直径 

分 类 号：Q969.48[生物学—昆虫学] S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]