天气条件对放归大熊猫活动的影响  

Effects of Weather Conditions on the Activity of Translocated Giant Pandas

作　　者：朱洪民 杨彪 何可[1] 青菁[1] 张泽钧[1] 戴强[2] 张勘 唐博 古晓东[4] 杨旭煜 黄炎 李德生 张和民 杨志松[1] ZHU Hongmin;YANG Biao;HE Ke;QING Jing;ZHANG Zejun;DAI Qiang;ZHANG Kan;TANG Bo;GU Xiaodong;YANG Xuyu;HUANG Yan;LI Desheng;ZHANG Hemin;YANG Zhisong(Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education),China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan Province 637002,China;Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;Management Bureau of Liziping National Nature Reserve,Shimian,Sichuan Province 625400,China;Sichuan Station of Wildlife Survey and Management,Chengdu 610081,China;Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Conservation Genetics of Endangered Wildlife of Sichuan Province,China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda,Wolong,Sichuan Province 623006,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学,西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,四川南充637002 [2]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [3]栗子坪国家级自然保护区管理局,四川石棉625400 [4]四川省野生动物资源调查保护管理站,成都610081 [5]中国大熊猫保护研究中心,四川省濒危野生动物繁殖与保护遗传重点实验室,四川卧龙623006

出　　处：《四川动物》2019年第5期537-543,共7页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31741112; 31772481)

摘　　要：放归已被广泛应用于濒危物种的保护和管理。作为重要环境因子之一,天气条件对动物活动有重要影响。了解不同天气条件下放归动物的活动特点,对于改进放归技术和提高放归成功率具有重要意义。本研究利用GPS项圈数据对5只人工繁育大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca放归后的行为进行研究,比较不同天气条件下放归个体日移动距离、日活动率和日活动强度的差异。研究结果显示,放归个体在晴/多云天活动性更强,日移动距离(426.74 m±17.54 m)更长、日活动率(32.60%±0.60%)和日活动强度(21.00±0.49)更高,而长时间降雨(小雨、中/大雨)会导致放归个体活动性降低(日移动距离:359.32 m±18.95 m、338.19 m±32.36 m,日活动率:24.38%±0.71%、23.25%±1.28%,日活动强度:15.22±0.56、12.97±0.79),阴天的活动性(日移动距离:345.83 m±14.27 m,日活动率:27.79%±0.56%,日活动强度:18.15±0.47)总体介于晴天和长时间降雨天之间。短时间降雨(阵雨)对日活动率(28.78%±1.81%)和日活动强度(17.82±1.46)影响较小,大熊猫活动性更接近晴/多云天。结果表明,天气条件对放归大熊猫个体的活动有显著影响。此外,尽管大熊猫属食肉目Carnivora,但是放归大熊猫在不同天气条件下的活动模式更接近杂食动物。Translocation has been widely used in the protection and management of endangered species.Weather conditions,which are important environmental factors,have significant impacts on animal activities.Understanding the activity characteristics of translocated animals under different weather conditions is of great significance for improving the methods and success rate of animal translocation.By using data collected from global positioning system(GPS)collars,we studied the behaviors of 5 captive-bred giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)and compared the differences in the distance of daily movement,daily activity rate,and daily intensity of activity of translocated individuals under different weather conditions.The results showed that the translocated individuals were active on sunny and partly cloudy days,moving long distances(426.74 m±17.54 m)and exhibiting high daily activity rate(32.60%±0.60%)with intense activity(21.00±0.49);prolonged rainfall(light rain,moderate-to-heavy rain)led to reduced activities(daily movement distance:359.32 m±18.95 m,338.19 m±32.36 m;daily activity rates:24.38%±0.71%,23.25%±1.28%;and daily activity intensity:15.22±0.56,12.97±0.79)of the translocated individuals.Their overall activity levels(daily movement distance:345.83 m±14.27 m;daily activity rate:27.79%±0.56%;and daily activity intensity:18.15±0.47)on overcast days were lower than sunny days but higher than those on the days with prolonged rainfall.Short-term rainfall(rain showers)had little impact on the daily activity rate(28.78%±1.81%)or intensity(17.82±1.46)with the daily activity similar to that on sunny and partly cloudy days.In conclusion,weather conditions had a significant impact on the activities of the translocated giant pandas.Moreover,although the giant pandas were carnivorous,the activity patterns of translocated individuals under different weather conditions were similar to those of omnivores.

关 键 词：大熊猫 放归 活动 天气条件 

分 类 号：Q959.8[生物学—动物学] Q958.11