不同温度、饵料和抽血频次对中华绒螯蟹蜕壳的影响  

Effects of different temperatures,feeds and blood drawing frequency on molting of Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：卢德胤 李志华 黄坚[1] 王军[1] 王成辉[1] LU De-yin;LI Zhi-hua;HUANG Jian;WANG Jun;WANG Cheng-hui(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries Germplasm Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2019年第5期107-112,共6页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：上海市中华绒螯蟹产业技术体系项目[沪农科(产)2018第4号];上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(2017-02-08-00-10-F00076);上海市科委项目(16391905300);上海市工程技术中心建设项目(13DZ2251800)

摘　　要：为了解饲养条件和干扰水平对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)蜕壳的影响,采用中华绒螯蟹个体养殖系统,分析不同温度(恒温组和变温组)、饵料(轮叶黑藻+螺蛳组和配合饲料组)和抽血频次对中华绒螯蟹的存活率、蜕壳增重率和蜕壳间隔时间的影响。结果显示:恒温组28.0±1.0℃蜕壳较为集中,而变温组(8∶00-20∶00为28.0±1.0℃;20∶00-次日8∶00为18.0±1.0℃)蜕壳较为分散。轮叶黑藻+螺蛳组的存活率比配合饲料组高8个百分点,平均蜕壳增重率高23.44个百分点,蜕壳间隔时间缩短16.19 d。蜕壳前期的一次抽血干扰会显著降低蜕壳增重率,但对蜕壳间隔时间没有显著影响;而两次脱壳间隔期间的多次抽血干扰不仅会显著降低蜕壳增重率,而且还会显著延长蜕壳间隔时间,并增加死亡率。结果表明:本温度对中华绒螯蟹的存活率、蜕壳增重率和蜕壳间隔时间影响不显著;饵料极显著地影响中华绒螯蟹的蜕壳;蜕壳前期干扰对蜕壳增重率有显著影响,而蜕壳间期的干扰对蜕壳增重率和蜕壳间隔时间均有显著影响。This research used the individual crab cultivation system to analyze the differences of weight gain rates and molting intervals of Eriocheir sinensis influenced by different temperatures(constant temperature and variable temperature),feeds Hydrilla verticillata and snail or only formula feed)and blood drawing frequency to determine the effects of different culture conditions and interfere frequency on molting of E.sinensis.The results showed that molting interval was more concentrated in the constant temperature condition(28.0±1.0℃)than that in variable temperature condition(8∶00-20∶00 was 28.0±1.0℃;20∶00-next day 8∶00 was 18.0±1.0℃).The survival rate of crabs fed with H.verticillata and snail was 8%higher,weight gain rate was 23.44%higher and molting interval was 16.19 d shorter than those fed with formular feed.The interfere of drawing blood at pre-molt stage for one time significantly decreased weight gain rate,but made no significant effect on molting interval.However,the interfere of drawing blood at inter-molt stage for many times significantly decreased weight gain rate and increased molting interval,increased mortality as well.All results indicated that the current temperature had no significant effect on survival rates,weight gain rates and molting intervals,but the feed significantly affected the molting of E.sinensis.The interfere at pre-molt stage could make significant effect on weight gain rate,and the interfere at inter-molt stage could make significant effects on weight gain rate and molting interval.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis) 温度 饵料 蜕壳增重率 蜕壳间隔时间 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]