不同播期豫南稻茬麦产量及其与气象因子的通径分析  

Path Analysis between Yield of Post-Paddy Wheat and Meteorological Factors under Different Sowing Dates in Southern Henan

作　　者：周国勤 谢旭东 姜明波 陈真真 李刚 李宇峰 谢迎新 ZHOU Guoqin;XIE Xudong;JIANG Mingbo;CHEN Zhenzhen;LI Gang;LI Yufeng;XIE Yingxin(Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang 464000,China;Luoshan County Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Luoshan 464000,China;College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳464000 [2]罗山县农业科学研究所,河南罗山464000 [3]河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2019年第9期23-29,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(181100110200);河南省小麦产业技术体系专项资金项目(Z2010);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD26B01)

摘　　要：针对豫南稻茬麦区冬小麦面临的灌浆期高温胁迫问题,2015—2017年连续2 a开展播期试验,以探讨不同播期冬小麦产量及其与气象因子间的关系,为通过调整播期降低冬小麦灌浆期高温胁迫提供理论依据。结果表明,与其他播期相比,10月中旬播种处理的冬小麦灌浆期光水资源充足且日均温和日均相对湿度较低,10月下旬播种处理的冬小麦灌浆期光照比较充足,11月上旬以及中旬播种处理的冬小麦灌浆期日均温相对较高、日照时数较低。随着播期推迟,产量及其构成因素呈降低趋势,以10月中旬播种处理产量最高,较其他播期处理增产1.64%~129.61%,穗数增加3.06%~73.25%,千粒质量增加1.44%~24.98%,穗粒数增加5.62%~32.71%。通径分析显示,2 a间日均温和日均相对湿度对千粒质量和穗粒数均起负效应,日照时数对千粒质量和穗粒数均起正效应;2015—2016年气温日较差对千粒质量和穗粒数均起正效应,降雨量对穗粒数起负效应;2016—2017年气温日较差效应不明显,降雨量对千粒质量和穗粒数均起正效应。可知,限制冬小麦千粒质量和穗粒数增加的主要气象因子为高温高湿,对冬小麦千粒质量和穗粒数起正效应的主要气象因子为日照时数。综上,10月中旬和下旬播种的冬小麦灌浆期降雨量和日照时数充足、气温日较差大,对千粒质量和穗粒数的直接正效应大,缓解了高温高湿的负效应;11月上旬和11月中旬播种的冬小麦千粒质量和穗粒数受高温高湿、阴雨寡照影响较大,且气温日较差较低,产量降低显著。Aiming at high temperature stress problem at grain filling stage of post-paddy wheat in southern Henan,the winter wheat yield and its relationship with meteorological factors were studied under different sowing dates from 2015 to 2017,so as to find the suitable sowing date to avoid high temperature stress at grain filling stage.The results showed that compared with other sowing dates,the treatment with sowing date of mid October had lower mean daily temperature and mean daily relative humidity,but more sunshine and rainfall at grain filling stage;the treatment with sowing date of late October had more sunshine;the treatments with sowing date of early and mid November had higher temperature and less sunshine at grain filling stage.The grain yield and its components decreased with the postponement of sowing date,the yield of the treatment with sowing date of mid October was the highest,increased by 1.64%—129.61%,the spike number increased by 3.06%—73.25%,the 1 000-grain weight increased by 1.44%—24.98%,and the grain number per spike increased by 5.62%—32.71%compared with other treatments.The results of path analysis showed that the mean daily temperature and mean daily relative humidity had negative effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike,the sunshine hour had positive effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike from 2015 to 2017.The diurnal temperature range had positive effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike,but the rainfall had negative effect on grain number per spike from 2015 to 2016.The diurnal temperature range had no significant effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike,and the rainfall had positive effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike from 2016 to 2017.It could be seen that the main meteorological factors limiting the increase of 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike of winter wheat were high temperature and high humidity,and the main meteorological factor that had positive effect on the 1 000-grain weight and gr

关 键 词：稻茬麦 播期 产量 灌浆期 高温 气象因子 通径分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]