基于脂质体的mRNA疫苗递送系统研究进展  

mRNA vaccine delivery system based on liposome:research advances

作　　者：黄慧媛 苗明三[1] 朱艳慧[1] 任晋 杨静[1,2] 王升启[1,2] HUANG Hui-yuan;MIAO Ming-san;ZHU Yan-hui;REN Jin;YANG Jing;WANG Sheng-qi(Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100850,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学,郑州450046 [2]军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所,北京100850

出　　处：《国际药学研究杂志》2019年第5期339-346,共8页Journal of International Pharmaceutical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81473148,81703429)

摘　　要：mRNA疫苗是一类新型核酸疫苗。相比于DNA疫苗,mRNA疫苗无需进入细胞核,无整合到基因组的风险,相对更安全。但mRNA自身稳定性差、易被体内外的核酸酶降解是制约其发展的瓶颈。因此,mRNA疫苗需要有合适的递送载体将其递送至体内,才能有更好的免疫效果。目前,mRNA递送载体包括病毒载体和非病毒载体。本文对非病毒载体-脂质体进行综述,主要从mRNA疫苗、脂质体、内涵体逃逸、增强脂质体递送的方式4个方面进行,并对mRNA及脂质体递送载体研究前景进行展望。mRNA vaccines are a new class of nucleic acid vaccines.Compared with DNA vaccines,mRNA vaccines do not need to enter the nucleus,and there is no risk of integration into the genome,which makes them relatively safer.However,the poor stability of mRNA vaccines and the facile degradation by nuclease in vitro and in vivo are the bottlenecks restricting its development.Therefore,mRNA vaccines need to have a suitable delivery vehicle to deliver them to the body in order to have a better immune effect.Currently,mRNA delivery vectors include viral vectors and non-viral vectors.In this paper,a brief overview of non-viral vector liposome is presented,mainly focusing on the mRNA vaccines,liposome,endosomal escape and enhancing liposome delivery,and the research prospects of mRNA and liposome delivery vectors are also commented.

关 键 词：mRNA疫苗 脂质体 内涵体逃逸 给药途径 靶向树突状细胞 佐剂 

分 类 号：R94[医药卫生—药剂学]