新中国成立70年来的外贸体制变迁:回顾与展望  

The Changes of Foreign Trade System in the 70 Years since the Founding of New China:Retrospect and Prospect

作　　者：黄汉民[1] 孔令乾 鲁彦秋 HUANG Hanmin;KONG Lingqian;LU Yanqiu(School of Business Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院

出　　处：《中南财经政法大学学报》2019年第5期19-30,42,158,共14页Journal of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立70年来,我国外贸体制的变革深深植根于社会主义经济体制改革之中,是中国整个经济体制改革的缩影。改革开放前,我国建立了适应社会主义计划经济体制的外贸国家统制,由国家集中决策、统一经营,外贸企业缺乏自主权,外贸主要起到调剂余缺的作用;改革开放后,我国以对内放权让利、激发民营经济活力,对外开放市场、推动经济融入世界经济一体化为主线,建立起了与社会主义市场经济相适应的外贸体制,实现了外贸体制的根本变革。外贸体制的变迁释放了巨大的市场活力,促进了我国外贸的快速发展,成为经济增长的重要推动力。回顾我国贸易体制的变迁历程,与时俱进、不断改革是中国外贸体制变迁的重要特征。面对当前复杂的国际环境,我国要继续加大对外开放的力度,加快开放型经济新体制建设,以更加开放的心态、更加自信的步伐融入全球经济发展之中。Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in the past 70 years,The reform of China’s foreign trade system is deeply rooted in the reform of socialist economic system,which is the epitome of China’s economic system reform.Before the reform and opening-up,China established a state control system of foreign trade adapted to the socialist planned economic system,which by centralized decision-making and unified operation of the state,foreign trade enterprises lack autonomy,and foreign trade plays a major role in regulating the remaining deficiencies;after the reform and opening-up,the main line of our country is to decentralize power and concede profits,stimulate the vitality of the private economy,open the market to the outside world and promote the integration of the economy into the world economy,therefore a foreign trade system suited to the market economy has been established and the fundamental reform of the foreign trade system has been realized.The change of foreign trade system has also released tremendous vitality,promoted the rapid development of China’s foreign trade,and becomes an important driving force for economic growth.Reviewing the course of the change of China’s trade system,keeping pace with the times and constantly reforming are the important characteristics of the change of China’s foreign trade system.We should continue to expand its efforts and level of opening to the outside world,accelerate the new system construction of open economy,so as to integrate into the global economic development with a more open attitude.

关 键 词：外贸体制 体制变迁 贸易依存度 货物贸易 多边贸易 自由贸易试验区 “一带一路” 

分 类 号：F752.0[经济管理—国际贸易]