行政垄断视角下人力资本错配的成因及其解释  

The Causes and Explanation of Mismatch of Human Capital from the Perspective of Administrative Monopoly

作　　者：葛晶 李勇[2] GE Jing;LI Yong(Institute of New Structural Economics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Economic and Management,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学新结构经济研究院,北京100871 [2]西北大学经济管理学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《中南财经政法大学学报》2019年第5期43-52,159,共11页Journal of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“行政垄断下人力资本错配对企业创新效率损失的影响研究”(71704141);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“行政垄断背景下中国人力资本配置扭曲影响自主创新的内生机理研究”(17YJC790084)

摘　　要：在中国经济发展逐步由投资驱动向创新驱动转型的关键期,如何有效配置创新资源,成为中国新常态下经济可持续增长亟需解决的问题之一。本文从行政垄断视角分析了中国人力资本错配的成因:行政垄断行业长期享有政府补贴、信贷资源等隐形补贴和保护,却未将这部分“超额利润”转化为创新产出。但在“产权模糊”“所有者缺位”的影响下,行政垄断行业内部具有“工资溢价”,从而吸引人力资本进入形成人力资本错配。进一步地,本文基于中国工业企业数据的实证检验验证了上述推断,行政垄断行业的人力资本错配程度比非行政垄断行业平均高出约0.7119。研究结果表明打破行政垄断对于矫正人力资本错配、提高全要素生产率具有重要意义。In the critical period when China’s economic development is gradually transforming from investment-driven to innovation-driven,how to effectively allocate innovation resources has become an urgent problem for China’s sustainable economic growth under the new normal.This paper analyzes the causes of human capital mismatch in China from the perspective of administrative monopoly:the administrative monopoly industry has enjoyed long-term hidden subsidies and protection from government subsidies and credit resources,but has not turned this part of“excess profits”into innovative output.However,under the influence of“vague property rights”and“absence of owners”,there is a“wage premium”within the administrative monopoly industry,which attracts human capital to enter and forms human capital mismatch.The empirical test based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises verifies the above judgment.The mismatch degree of human capital in administrative monopoly industries is about 0.7119 higher than that in non-administrative monopoly industries on average.The conclusion of this paper shows that breaking administrative monopoly is of great significance for correcting the mismatch of human capital and improving the total factor productivity of economy.

关 键 词：行政垄断 创新效率 工资溢价 人力资本错配 

分 类 号：F427[经济管理—产业经济]