材料层裂研究的主要进展  

Main Progress in Research on Material Spalling

作　　者：周洪强[1] 张凤国[1] 潘昊[1] 何安民[1] 王裴[1] ZHOU Hongqiang;ZHANG Fengguo;PAN Hao;HE Anmin;WANG Pei(Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京应用物理与计算数学研究所

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2019年第5期1-20,共20页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：科学挑战专题(TZ2018001)

摘　　要：层裂是一种重要的动态损伤破坏现象,由物质界面的反射稀疏波相互作用引起,其细观尺度上的物理机制是微损伤(即微孔洞和微裂纹)的成核、生长和汇合。围绕美国物理学会George E.Duvall冲击压缩科学奖的3位获奖者Grady、Curran和Johnson的相关工作,概述层裂现象的一些主要研究进展,简要介绍层裂现象的研究历史,以期更深刻地理解那些著名的层裂物理模型和实验技术。此外,报道了最近取得的最新研究成果,阐述了冻结不同损伤水平状态的双层靶层裂实验技术与Hopkinson压杆共通的工作原理。针对微损伤成核和生长断裂破碎模型NAG/FRAG在数学上的不一致性和在物理上的不完备性,指出对于延性材料的层裂过程,只要微孔洞成核的累积数目密度满足尺寸的指数分布、微孔洞半径的生长速度与半径呈线性关系,就能够得到解析形式的损伤度演化方程,该修正模型MNAG在数学上是一致的,在物理上是完备的;对于白以龙等建立的欧拉形式的微损伤数目守恒方程,指出计算损伤度不必显式求解该方程,损伤度的表达式一般通过拉格朗日形式的微损伤数目守恒方程获得;针对损伤度函数模型或封加坡模型,以更加简洁的方法进行了推导。Spallation is an important damage and failure mechanism produced by the interactions of decompression waves from the material interfaces,and is mesoscopically attributed to the nucleation,growth and coalescence of microdamages(microvoids and microcracks).Based on the works of Grady,Curran and Johnson,who respectively won George E.Duvall Shock Compression Science Award of the American Physical Society in 2007,2009 and 2011,this paper gives a review of the progress and brief history for dynamic material spall.Further physical insights may be obtained based on those known physical models and experimental techniques for dynamic material spallation.In the meantime,some valuable results obtained are presented as follows.(1)Experimental technique of double layer targets,used to freeze the state of spall damage,is based on the same basic physical principle of Hopkinson pressure bar.(2)The nucleation,growth to fragmentation(NAG/FRAG)model,which is mathematically inconsistent and physically incomplete,is modified by inheriting the same size exponential distribution and nucleation rate from the original model by assuming the growth rate of microvoid’s radius proportional to the microvoid’s radius for ductile spall.A modified nucleation and growth(MNAG)model is obtained.The MNAG model is mathematically consistent and physically closed,and owns an analytical damage evolution equation.(3)It is pointed out that the damage can usually be obtained from the equation of microdamage’s number for Lagrangian formulation rather than from the equation for Eulerian formulation presented by Bai Yilong et al.(4)The damage function model or the Feng-Jiapo model is derived by a simpler way.

关 键 词：层裂损伤 层裂强度 双层靶层裂技术 NAG/FRAG模型 Carroll-Holt-Johnson模型 Gurson模型 Grady模型 封加坡模型 

分 类 号：O347.3[理学—固体力学]