光照强度与埋深对外来植物曼陀罗幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of light intensity and burial depth on seedling growth of the alien species Datura stramonium L.

作　　者：郑伟 栾志慧[2] 张红香[3] 黄迎新[3] 周道玮[3] ZHENG Wei;LUAN Zhihui;ZHANG Hongxiang;HUANG Yingxin;ZHOU Daowei(Educational Institute of Jilin Province,Changchun City,Changchun 130022,China;Changchun Normal University,Changchun 130032,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 13012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省教育学院,长春130022 [2]长春师范大学,长春130032 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102

出　　处：《生态科学》2019年第5期30-37,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31600364);吉林省教育科学规划课题(GH16647)

摘　　要：光照强度与埋深是诸多环境因素中影响外来植物幼苗出土与生长的主要因素。为了探查外来植物幼苗对光照强度与埋深的生长响应,以曼陀罗(Datura stramonium L.)为实验材料,分别研究两种光照强度(100%光照和35%光照)和五种种子埋深(1、3、5、7和9 cm)处理对曼陀罗幼苗生长特征的影响。结果表明:(1)100%光照强度处理下曼陀罗幼苗的叶片总生物量、根冠比(R/S)、相对生长速率(RGR)和总生物量显著高于35%光照强度处理。相反,幼苗的总叶面积、比叶面积(SLA)和叶面积比(LAR)和叶片生物量比(LMR)显著低于35%光照强度处理。(2)曼陀罗幼苗的出土率、首苗出土所需时间、株高、根长、总生物量及相对生长速率(RGR)等指标均在埋深3 cm处理获得最大值,埋深大于或低于3 cm均导致上述指标下降,埋深7 cm处理呈现最小值;埋深对幼苗根冠比(R/S)无显著影响,但显著增加地下下胚轴长度。这表明曼陀罗幼苗更偏好入侵光照强度较高和较低埋深(≤3 cm)的环境,遮阴或过深的埋深不利于曼陀罗幼苗出土和生长。因此,提出曼陀罗入侵农田的防控建议为:1)在曼陀罗种子结实前进行铲除,从源头控制曼陀罗蔓延;2)早春作物播种前进行深耕,将土壤里的曼陀罗种子翻耕到深层土壤中。Light intensity and burial depth are the main environmental factors that affect seedling emergence and growth of the alien plants.In order to investigate the responses of alien plants to light intensity and burial depth,Datura stramonium L.was selected as experimental materials to study the effects of two light intensities(100%and 35%)and five burial depths(1,3,5,7 and 9 cm)on seedling growth characteristics,respectively.The results showed that(1)the total leaf biomass,root to shoot ratio(R/S),relative growth rate(RGR)and total biomass of D.stramonium seedlings under 100%light intensity treatment were significantly higher than those under 35%light intensity treatment.In contrast,the total leaf area,specific leaf area(SLA),leaf area ratio(LAR)and leaf mass ratio(LMR)of seedlings under 100%light intensity were significantly lower than those under 35%light intensity treatment.(2)The emergence rate,timing of first seedling emergence,seedling height,root length,total biomass and relative growth rate(RGR)of D.stramonium seedlings reached the highest value at 3 cm burial depth,while these parameters decreased at other burial depth,with the lowest value at 7 cm depth.Burial depth treatment had insignificant effect on root to shoot ratio(R/S),but increased the length of belowground hypocotyl significantly.These results indicate that D.stramonium plants prefer to invade in natural environments with relative high light intensity and low burial depth(≤3 cm),and shading or deep burial conditions was harmful to seedling emergence and growth of D.stramonium.Therefore,we recommend the following suggestions for prevention and control of D.stramonium invasion to farmland by eradicating D.stramonium plants before seed setting to prevent its spreading from the sources,and deep ploughing before sowing crops in spring to move D.stramonium seeds into deep soils.

关 键 词：曼陀罗 埋深 光照强度 幼苗生长 入侵危害 

分 类 号：Q142[生物学—生态学]