儒家思想与清末民初山东女性的孝道习俗——以山东地方志为中心  

Confucianism and Filial Piety Custom of Shandong Female in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

作　　者：王蕊[1] Wang Rui

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《国际儒学论丛》2019年第1期177-197,254,共22页International Tribune of Confucian Studies

摘　　要：在儒家思想的传承和发展中,东汉时期逐渐形成专门约束女性的孝道规范,对父母公婆的孝敬、顺从是女性孝道观念中最重要的内容。从清末民国时期山东地方志《列女传》的记载来看,广泛存在于山东民间的女性孝道习俗依然深受传统的女性孝道观念的影响,如敬顺父母公婆、用心侍奉老人、丧葬如礼,丈夫去世后没有子嗣的情形下积极立嗣等。但是,清末民初山东地方志记载的最突出的孝道行为则是守寡女性从事各种工作来支撑家庭和赡养老人,可见孝道思想观念与实际民风民俗存在一定差异。儒家女性孝道思想能够渗入民间,形成孝道习俗,所依靠的不只是国家制度的奖惩,而是从国家、社会和家庭三个层面进行了传播和渗透。In the Inheritance and development of Confucianism,a special code of filial piety was gradually formed to restrict women In the Eastern Han Dynasty,Respects and obedience to parents are the most important contents of women's concept of filial piety.Judging from the Records of LieNu Biography of Shandong Local Chronicles in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the custom of female filial piety widely existing in Shandong folk is still deeply influenced by the traditional concept of female filial piety.But the most prominent filial piety recorded in Shandong local chronicles in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China is widowed women engaged in various kinds of work to support their families and support the elderly.It can be seen that there are some differences between the concept of filial piety and the actual folk customs.Confucian female filial piety thought can infiltrate into the folk and form filial piety custom.It depends not only on the rewards and punishments of the state system,but also on the dissemination and penetration of the three levels of the state,society and family.

关 键 词：儒家孝道 女性孝道 清末民初 山东 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学]