均匀电场和极不均匀电场对水蒸发的影响  

The Influence of Uniform Electric Field and Extremely Non-Uniform Electric Field on Water Evaporation

作　　者：张立 杨兰均[1] 喻梦晗 詹唯 郭胜辉 Zhang Li;Yang Lanjun;Yu Menghan;Zhan Wei;Guo Shenghui(State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049 China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2019年第18期3920-3927,共8页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(51377132)

摘　　要：利用水体为接地电极,在水面上方设置网电极和线电极并施加高电压,以观察均匀电 场和极不均匀电场对水蒸发的影响。研究结果表明:利用网电极产生垂直水面的均匀电场可以促 进水蒸发。利用线电极可产生极不均匀电场,水面上电场方向竖直向下,同时线电极表面会产生 放电。当外施电压较低,线电极表面放电较弱时,放电产生的空间电荷携带水分子回到水面,产 生抑制蒸发的效果。随着外施电压的增加,线电极表面放电强度增加,离子风开始发展,增加了 水面上空气的对流,明显促进水的蒸发。与仅施加电场相比,利用线电极产生离子风促进蒸发的 效果更加显著。本文利用热力学理论对该实验现象和原理进行了解释。In this paper, to observe the influence of the uniform electric field and extremely non-uniform electric field on water evaporation, the water body is used as the grounding electrode, and the high voltage is applied to the mesh electrode and the multi-wire electrode above the water surface. The results show that the use of a grid electrode to form a vertical uniform electric field can promote water evaporation. A multi-wire electrode can induce an extremely non-uniform electric field perpendicular to the water surface, while a discharge occurs on the surface of the wire electrode. When the discharge is just developed on the surface of the electrode, the space charge generated carries the water molecules back to the water surface, resulting in the effect of suppressing evaporation. With the increase of applied voltage, the discharge strength on the surface of the wire electrode increases, and the ion wind begins to develop, which increases the convective exchange between the water surface and the air and obviously promotes water evaporation. Larger evaporation rates can be obtained when using ion wind than just applying an electric field perpendicular to the water surface. In this paper, thermodynamic theory is used to explain the phenomena and principles of experiments.

关 键 词：电场 放电 蒸发 化学势 离子风 

分 类 号：TM85[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]