葡萄幼树对13C和15N的吸收、分配和利用特性  

Characteristics of absorption, distribution and utilization of 13C and 15N in young grape plants

作　　者：杨湘 郁松林[1] 孙琳琳 何秀峰 蒋宇 赵丰云 于坤[1] YANG Xiang;YU Songlin;SUN Linlin;HE Xiufeng;JIANG Yu;ZHAO Fengyun;YU Kun(College of Agronomy,Shihezi University/The Key Laboratory of Characteristics of Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Beet Research,Shihezi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院·特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆石河子农业科学研究院甜菜研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《果树学报》2019年第9期1140-1149,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360464)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨施用铵态氮条件下不同取样时间葡萄幼树各器官13C丰度、含量和分配率,各器官Ndff%、15N含量、分配率和利用率,各指标间的相关关系,探索施铵态氮对不同时间葡萄幼树各器官碳氮养分吸收、分配和利用的变化规律。【方法】用2 a(年)生‘红地球’葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.‘Red Globe’)作为试材,施用300 mg(15NH4)2SO4,分别在施氮后15 d、30 d、45 d和160 d进行13C标记,13C标记后72 h取样。【结果】新根、叶和新枝等新生器官的生物量随时间增加显著,45 d时新根生物量分别比15、30 d增加了410.34%、60.87%,160 d时新枝生物量比45 d增加了397.22%;老根和老枝生物量15~45 d随时间变化不明显,160 d时显著增加。新根、叶片和新枝13C丰度显著高于老根和老枝,其中新根丰度最高。施氮后15 d,新根13C含量最高,叶片次之;30 d后,叶片含量最高;新枝和老根碳含量在160 d时显著增加。分配到新根和叶片的13C较高,施氮后15 d,分配到新根的是叶片的1.37倍;30~160 d,分配到叶片的13C分别比新根高104.97%、18.04%和26.42%;160 d时新根和老根分配率增加明显。施氮后各器官Ndff均在45 d达最大值,新生各器官对氮素的征调能力显著高于老枝和老根,其中新根征调能力最高。施氮后各时间进入叶片中的氮肥量最多,前期进入新根的氮肥量显著增加,30 d和45 d分别比前一时间增加了9.48倍和1.17倍,160 d时新枝氮肥含量比45 d增加了19.80倍。各时间叶片氮肥分配率显著高于其他器官,新根分配率随时间呈先上升后下降的趋势,在45 d达到最高,新枝分配率前期没有显著差异,到160 d时显著上升,比45 d升高了8.30倍。15~30 d时叶片氮肥利用率最高,根系次之;45 d时,各器官(除新枝外)氮肥利用率达到最高,160 d时新枝利用率显著上升,上升了80.13%。【结论】施氮后促进新生器官中碳养分的吸收和分配,以及氮养分的吸收、分配和利用【Objective】Carbon and nitrogen metabolisms play a very important role in plant life activities.Carbon and nitrogen metabolisms interact with and restrict each other.Carbon metabolism provides carbon source and energy for nitrogen metabolism,while nitrogen metabolism contributes to the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and proteins including enzymes crucial for carbon metabolism.Both metabolisms need common carbon skeleton,ATP and reducing power.N fertilization not only promotes growth and biomass production,but also results in alterations in the allocation of resources and in plant morphology.Regulation of photosynthetic carbon metabolism is central for plant growth and development.The dynamic changes in carbon and nitrogen in plants directly affect the formation and transportation of photosynthetic products and the absorption and utilization of mineral elements.Carbon and nitrogen isotope tracing technique is an effective means to study the partitioning of the photosynthetic products and nitrogen nutrition.In recent years,stable carbon and nitrogen isotope tracing techniques have been applied to the study of the fate of photosynthetic products and the absorption,transport and distribution characteristics of nitrogen.This experiment focused on(1)13C abundance,content and distribution rate,(2)Ndff%,15N content,distribution rate,and utilization ratio and(3)the correlation among the indexes of young grape plants at different sampling times,and explored the changes in carbon and nitrogen uptake,distribution and utilization in different organs at different time after ammonium nitrogen application.【Methods】In this study,we applied 300 mg(15NH4)2SO4 to two-year-old grape(Vitis vinifera L.‘Red Globe’)young plants,labeled 13C at 15 d,30 d,45 d and 160 d after nitrogen application and sampled at 72 h after 13C labeling.【Results】The biomass of new organs(new roots,leaves and new branches)increased significantly with time.At 45 d,the new root biomass increased by 410.34%and 60.87%at 15 and 30 d,respectivel

关 键 词：葡萄 铵态氮(NH4+-N) 13C 15N 吸收和分配 利用率 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]