运输类飞机风挡鸟撞位置影响分析研究  

Effects of bird strike position and boundary clamping component on transport airplane windshield safety

作　　者：刘信超 徐亚芳 王露晨 陆晓华[1] 左洪福[1] LIU Xinchao;XU Yafang;WANG Luchen;LU Xiaohua;ZUO Hongfu(School of Civil Aviation,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211100,China;Shanghai Aircraft Airworthiness Certification Center,CAAC,Shanghai 200335,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学民航学院,南京211100 [2]中国民航上海航空器适航审定中心,上海200335

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2019年第17期95-102,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：民航局科技创新引导资金项目(20150217)

摘　　要：根据CCAR 25.775要求,研究运输类飞机风挡的鸟撞安全性以确保运输类飞机风挡结构满足适航要求。基于瞬态动力学软件PAM-CRASH建立碰撞数值仿真模型,对撞击位置的影响进行参数化研究。通过研究接触力、动能变化的分布规律,证明越靠近机身纵轴,接触力越大,飞机吸收的鸟体动能越多。通过将风挡变形过程与鸟体动能变化相联系,发现部分工况的撞击结果对边界表现出较强的相关性,风挡边界夹持部件对风挡变形能力的影响不可忽视,并考虑了窗框结构不同部位支持刚度的差异性。同时,通过分析窗框结构不同部位的内能分布,指出了窗框结构在不同鸟撞位置影响下的响应特点。最终发现,对于风挡结构而言,撞击点相对飞机纵轴的距离、边界夹持部件两大因素属于较为敏感的因素,并依据这两因素给出了具有代表意义的四个撞击靶点,研究结果对适航审定工作有一定的参考意义。Here,according to the requirements of CCAR 25.775,transport airplane windshield safety under bird strike was studied to make these planes’windshield structures satisfy airworthiness requirements.The numerical simulation model of bird striking windshield was established based on the transient dynamics software PAM-CRASH,and the parametric study on effects of bird strike positions was performed with this simulation model.Through studying distribution laws of contact force and kinetic energy variation,it was shown that the closer to aircraft longitudinal axis the bird strike position,the larger the contact force,the more the bird kinetic energy absorbed by aircraft;windshield deforming process is closely involved in bird kinetic energy variation,results of some strike cases have a bigger relevance to windshield boundary,effects of windshield boundary clamping component on windshield deforming ability can’t be ignored.Then,the stiffness difference among different parts of windshield frame structure was considered,and inner energy distribution of different parts of windshield frame structure was analyzed to get response features of windshield frame structure under actions of different bird strike positions.Finally,the results showed that the distance between bird strike position and aircraft longitudinal axis,and windshield boundary clamping component are two more sensitive factors to windshield safety;according to the 2 factors,4 significant bird strike target points are chosen;the results provide a reference for airworthiness certification of transport aircraft windshield structures.

关 键 词：鸟撞 适航 运输类飞机风挡 撞击位置 

分 类 号：V223.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]