金华市农村生活饮用水化学污染健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of chemical pollution in rural drinking water in Jinhua

作　　者：王祚懿[1] 陈强[1] 何晓庆[1] 盛微[1] 罗进斌 WANG Zuo-yi;CHEN Qiang;HE Xiao-qing;SHENG Wei;LUO Jin-bin(Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321002,China)

机构地区：[1]金华市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《预防医学》2019年第10期1012-1016,共5页CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL

基　　金：金华市科技计划重点项目(2015-3-023)

摘　　要：目的评估金华市农村生活饮用水的健康风险水平,为农村饮用水卫生管理提供依据。方法于2016—2018年采集金华市涉农乡镇2 032份饮用水水样,按GB/T 5750—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检验方法》检测砷、镉、六价铬、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳5种化学致癌物,以及铅、汞、硒、氰化物、氟化物、硝酸盐、铝、铁、锰、铜、锌和氨氮12种非致癌化学有毒物质,采用美国环境保护局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评估模型评估这17种化学物通过饮水途径产生的健康风险。结果17种化学物通过饮水途径产生的总体健康风险为34.81×10^-6/a,其中5种化学致癌物的总致癌风险为34.80×10^-6/a;12种非致癌化学有毒物质的总非致癌风险为6.65×10^-9/a。5种化学致癌物的致癌风险占总体健康风险的99.98%,其中六价铬的致癌风险占总体健康风险的89.93%。完全处理、部分处理和未处理的水样的总体健康风险分别为31.68×10^-6/a、34.78×10^-6/a和34.77×10^-6/a;出厂水和末梢水的总体健康风险分别为34.79×10^-6/a和34.82×10^-6/a。结论金华市农村生活饮用水中化学物质经饮水途径产生的总体健康风险处于较低水平,其中六价铬致癌风险相对较高,需引起重视。Objective To understand the health risk of drinking water in rural areas of Jinhua and to provide evidence for water sanitary management in rural areas.Methods Totally 2 032 samples of drinking water in rural areas of Jinhua were collected from 2016 to 2018.According to GB/T 5750-2006 Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water,five chemical carcinogens(As,Cd,Cr^6+,CHCl3 and CCl4)and twelve non-carcinogenic chemicals(Pb,Hg,Se、CN^-、F^-、NO3^-、Al、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn and NH3-N)were detected.The health risk assessment in rural drinking water was conducted by United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)model.Results The total health risk,total carcinogenic risk and total non-carcinogenic risk of rural drinking water caused by the seventeen chemicals were 34.8×10^-6/a,34.80×10^-6/a and 6.65×10^-9/a,respectively.The carcinogenic risk of five chemical carcinogens accounted for 99.98%of the total health risk,and the carcinogenic risk of Cr6+accounted for 89.95%of the total health risk.The total health risk of the fully processed,partially processed and unprocessed water samples were 31.68×10^-6/a,34.78×10^-6/a and 34.77×10^-6/a,respectively.The total health risk of finished water and peripheral water were 34.79×10^-6/a and 34.82×10^-6/a.Conclusion The health risk of drinking water in rural areas of Jinhuacaused by chemicals is low.The hexavalent chromium has the highest health risk and need more attention to be paid on.

关 键 词：健康风险评估 生活饮用水 农村 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]