天命、君权与民心的纠缠——中国古代政治合法性观念研究  

The Entanglement of Mandate of Heaven,Monarchical Power and Public Opinion——A Study on the Concept of Political Legitimacy in Ancient China

作　　者：邓曦泽 Deng Xize

机构地区：[1]四川大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第5期76-87,共12页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“冲突与协调——以春秋战争与会盟为中心”(13FZZ006);四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项项目(skqx201101)

摘　　要：政治合法性针对的是被统治者对统治者的认可问题,它是每个政权都必须面对的永恒问题。虽然中西都有悠久的政治合法性成文史,但政治合法性理论直到近代才兴起,导致中国古代政治史研究缺乏相应维度。古代世界的政治合法性建构的基本模式是君权神授。这表现在中国古代,则有中国形式及其理想状态,其中有三个要素:天命、君权和民心。天是源动力,民是目的,君是中介。这是一个看起来非常理想的合法性结构,且天与民对君权也能产生有限制约,但实际上,由于君权垄断了天命的解释权,架空了天命,致使古代政治合法性建构无法实现其初衷。Political legitimacy means the recognition of the rulers by the ruled,which is a permanent problem that every regime will face.Although both China and the West have a long history of political legitimacy,the theory of political legitimacy did not emerge until modern times,resulting in the lack of corresponding dimensions in the study of ancient Chinese political history.The basic model of political legitimacy in the ancient world is the divine right of Kings,which had unique forms and its ideal states in ancient China.Among them,there are three elements:mandate of heaven,monarchical power and public opinion.Heaven is the source of power,the people is the purpose,and the king is the intermediary.This seems to be a very ideal structure of legitimacy,with heaven and the people having limited constraints on the monarchy.In reality,however,because the monarchical power monopolized the interpretation of the mandate of heaven,the construction of political legitimacy in ancient China could not realize its original intention.

关 键 词：政治合法性 天命 君权 民心 君权神授 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学] D0-02