3～6岁幼儿纵跳动作发展特征研究  

Motor Development of Vertical Jump in Preschool Children from 3 to 6 Years Old

作　　者：李志远 刘金富[2] 朱小烽[3] 虞松坤 陈为玮[3] 杨铁黎[5] LI Zhiyuan;LIU Jinfu;ZHU Xiaofeng;YU Songkun;CHEN Weiwei;YANG Tieli(School of PE and Sport Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350108,China;Dept.of PE and Military Training,Jiaxing University,Jiaxing 314001,China;School of Normal,Jiaxing University,Jiaxing 314200,China;Dept.of Public PE and Art Education,Zhejiang Uni?versity,Hangzhou 310023,China;Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福建 福州 350117 [2]嘉兴学院体军部,浙江 嘉兴 314001 [3]嘉兴学院师范学院,浙江 嘉兴 314200 [4]浙江大学公共体育与艺术部,浙江 杭州 310023 [5]首都体育学院,北京首都体育学院,100191

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2019年第5期411-416,424,共7页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

摘　　要：目的:采用定量与定性相结合的方法分析3~6岁幼儿纵跳动作发展水平,探讨年龄、月龄与纵跳动作发展、身体形态发育的相关性,进一步丰富幼儿动作发展内容研究。方法:选取嘉兴市某幼儿园3~6岁幼儿185名。采用纵跳测试仪测量下蹲跳跳跃高度(CMJ-H)、足底开关测量连续反弹跳跳跃高度(RJ-H)和着地时间(RJ-T),并计算反弹跳指数(RJ-index);测量幼儿身体形态参数,采用方差分析比较不同年龄段间的纵跳动作发展和形态参数的差异,对其进行皮尔森相关分析。结果:(1)身体形态、CMJ-H和RJ-index逐年增长,RJ-index的增大是由于RJ-H的增加所致;(2)根据与月龄回归直线残差的±1SD将下蹲跳和反弹跳动作的发育类型分为优先群、均衡群和迟缓群,男幼儿和女幼儿中均衡群的人数在50个月龄以后明显增加(P<0.05),男幼儿中的优先群和女幼儿中的迟缓群的人数均明显增加(P<0.05);(3)优先群的RJ-H明显高于均衡群和迟缓群(P<0.05),而RJ-T明显短于均衡群和迟缓群(P<0.05),另外,3组群间形态特征无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:3~6岁幼儿身体形态、纵跳动作发展水平随着年龄和月龄的增长,均呈现增长的趋势;跳跃高度的增加是反弹跳发展水平提高的重要原因,且反弹跳指数与下蹲跳跳跃高度间存在显著性正相关;50个月龄(约4周岁)以后,纵跳动作发展水平开始出现个体差异,优先发展的幼儿具有较高的反弹跳指数值;建议从4周岁开始,鼓励幼儿积极参加跑跳结合的体育游戏,促进其身体形态发育的同时,提高纵跳动作发展水平。Object:This research analyzed 3-6 years old children vertical jump by qualitative and quantitative methods,and discussed 3-6 years old children vertical jump development characteristics and correlation with age and month age and vertical jump development,body morphological,and further enrich the re search on content of young children’s action development.Method:185 children aged 3-6 were selected as study objects from a kindergarten in Jiaxing.CMJ jumping heigh(t CMJ-H)was measured by vertical jump tester,and RJ jumping heigh(t RJ-H)and ground contact time(RJ-T)was measured by foot switches,and rebound Jump index(RJ-index)is calculated;body morphological parameter was measured,ANOVA was used to analyze the differences of vertical jump ability and body morphological parameters among development stages,and Pearson correlation analysis was carried out.Results:1)CMJ jumping height and RJ-index increased with age,development of RJ-index depend on the increase in jumping height;2)CMJ and RJ ability development types were classified in to good,equal and poor groups.the number of equal groups increased significantly after 50 months in boys and girls(p<0.05).for boys,the number of individu als in the good group increased significantly after 50 months,whereas for girls,the number of individuals in the poor group increased significantly after 50 months(p<0.05).3)The good group showed a significantly higher jumping height and shorter ground contact time than the other 2 groups(p<0.05),moreover,there were no significantly among 3 group in body morphological parameter.Conclusions:The development level of body shape and vertical jump of 3-6-year-old children shows an increasing trend with the increase of age and months,and the increase of jump height is an important reason for the improvement of re bound development level.There was a significant positive correlation between rebound index and the height of squat jump;after 50 months old(about 4 years old)the development level of vertical jump starts to appear individual differ

关 键 词：纵跳 动作发展 拉长-缩短周期 形态特征 

分 类 号：G807.1[文化科学—体育训练]