南极天文光学望远镜智能化除霜方法  

Intelligent Defrosting Method for Antarctic Astronomical Optical Telescope

作　　者：冯晴晨 李晓燕[1,2] FENG Qing-chen;LI Xiao-yan(Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210042,China;Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics&Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210042,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所,南京210042 [2]中国科学院天文光学技术重点实验室,南京210042 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2019年第24期132-138,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11403065,11373052,11190013);973计划(CB834901)资助

摘　　要：南极Dome A(冰穹A)因其优良的观测条件被誉为地球上最好的天文观测台址之一。Dome A温度常年处于-30^-80℃,相对湿度40%~80%,温度起伏大,望远镜镜面易结霜,影响天文观测的效率和质量。为实现无人值守的智能化镜面除霜、减少除霜对观测时间的占用、降低除霜对镜面视宁度的影响、减少除霜对能源的消耗,提出了智能化除霜方法。首先,分析环境、科学数据、仪器三者的关系,利用外部输入非线性自回归(nonlinear auto regressive models with exogenous input,NARX)时间序列神经网络构建望远镜镜面状态的预测模型;其次,设计南极望远镜智能化除霜仿真系统,实时预测镜面情况,根据预测结果模拟采取相应的应对措施。结果表明该方法能有效实现智能化除霜,减少了人为干预,节约了观测时间,提高了望远镜运行的可靠性。The Antarctic Dome A is known as one of the best astronomical observatories on the planet for its excellent observational conditions.The temperature in Dome A is-30^-80℃all year round,and the relative humidity is 40%~80%.The temperature in the Dome A fluctuated greatly so much so that mirror surface of the telescope was easy to frost.Mirror frosting reduced the efficiency and quality of astronomical observations.An intelligent defrosting method was proposed to realize unattended intelligent mirror defrosting,the occupation of defrosting time and the influence of defrosting on mirror surface contrast were reduced,the energy consumption of defrosting was reduced.Firstly,the relationship between the environment,scientific data,and instruments were analyzed,and a predictive model of the mirror state of a telescope was contructed by using nonlinear auto regressive models with exogenous input(NARX)time series neural network.Secondly,the intelligent defrost simulation system of the Antarctic telescope was designed to predict the mirror condition in real time,and corresponding countermeasures were taken according to the prediction results.The results show that the method can effectively realize intelligent defrosting,reduce human intervention,save observation time and improve the reliability of telescope operation.

关 键 词：南极天文光学望远镜 镜面除霜 智能预测 非线性自回归(NARX)神经网络 

分 类 号：TH751[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]