黄土高原潜在缺锌区施用纳米氧化锌（ZnO NPs）对冬小麦生长及籽粒品质的影响  

Effects of ZnO NPs application on winter wheat growth and grain quality in a potentially zinc-deficient area of the Loess Plateau, China

作　　者：孙宏达 钟民正 张腾 翟丙年[2] 王朝辉[2] 毛晖[1,2] SUN Hong-da;ZHONG Min-zheng;ZHANG Teng;ZHAI Bing-nian;WANG Zhao-hui;MAO Hui(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutri?tion and the Agro-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling 712100,China;College of Resources and Environ?mental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西 杨凌 712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京 210095

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2019年第9期2041-2048,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B04);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503124);国家自然科学基金项目(41571282);中央高校基本科研业务费(2452015047)

摘　　要：为研究纳米氧化锌的施用方式对冬小麦生长及籽粒品质的影响,本研究在黄土高原潜在缺锌地区进行田间微区试验,使用传统的七水硫酸锌(ZnSO4·7H2O)和新型的纳米氧化锌(ZnO NPs)作为锌肥,设置对照(CK)、喷施硫酸锌(FZn)、土施ZnO NPs(SZnO)、喷施ZnO NPs(FZnO)和土喷结合ZnO NPs(SFZnO)五个处理。结果表明,不同处理对于冬小麦产量及其构成因素和籽粒品质(淀粉、可溶性糖和谷蛋白)未造成显著影响。ZnO NPs处理相比CK,在两季均显著提高了冬小麦的籽粒锌含量。对比硫酸锌处理,FZnO和SFZnO比FZn处理的籽粒锌含量在第一年分别提高了36%和45%,在第二年分别提高了12%和24%。拔节期叶片扫描表明FZn处理与CK的叶片结构没有差异,FZnO处理观察到颗粒表面附着,能谱仪扫描确定FZnO处理的锌含量显著高于FZn处理和CK。五个不同处理结果表明,小麦施用ZnO NPs比施硫酸锌有较显著的增锌效果,不同施用方式以土喷结合处理增锌效果最佳,籽粒锌含量达到37 mg·kg^-1,单独喷施处理的锌转移吸收效率最高。施用ZnO NPs对小麦生长、籽粒品质以及叶片生理结构没有产生不良影响,ZnO NPs可作为新型锌肥应用于农业研究。A two-season field trial was conducted in a potentially zinc-deficient area of the Loess Plateau,which focused on the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle(ZnO NPs)application on the growth and grain quality of winter wheat.Five treatments,including CK(blank),FZn(foliar application of ZnSO4 solution),SZnO(soil application of ZnO NPs),FZnO(foliar application of ZnO NPs),and SFZnO(soil and foliar combined application of ZnO NPs)were applied.During the two-season field trials,all treatments appeared to show no differences to wheat grain yields or qualities(in terms of starch,soluble sugar,or gluten content).Treatment with ZnO NPs increased grain Zn content significantly,compared with CK,in both growing seasons.Moreover,in comparison with FZn treatment,FZnO and SFZnO treatments increased grain Zn content by 36%and 45%in the first season,and by 12%and 24%in the second season,respectively.Scanning electron microscope analysis of wheat leaves in their elongation stage found particles adhering to the leaf surfaces after FZnO treatment,while no differences were found after FZn and FZnO treatments.Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy results showed higher Zn content in selected leaf spots compared with CK and FZn treatments.As a whole,ZnO NPs application showed better grain Zn increasing ability than either CK or ZnSO4 treatments.SFZnO showed the highest grain Zn content(37 mg·kg^-1)in the trials,while single foliar applications of ZnO NPs exhibited the highest Zn transfer efficiency.This study has provided evidence that ZnO NPs can be regarded as a new and safe Zn fertilizer,being harmless to winter wheat growth,grain quality and leaf structure.

关 键 词：ZNO NPS 土施 喷施 小麦 籽粒锌含量 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]