布设等高反坡阶对滇中松华坝水源区坡耕地土壤饱和导水率的影响  

Effect of contour reverse slope terrace on the saturated water conductivity of sloping farmland in Songhuaba water source area in central Yunnan

作　　者：陈雪[1] 宋娅丽[1] 王克勤[1] 赵洋毅[1] 张华渝 CHEN Xue;SONG Yali;WANG Keqin;ZHAO Yangyi;ZHANG Huayu(College of Ecology&Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第5期649-655,共7页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：云南省科技计划重点研发项目(2018BB018);国家自然科学基金项目(30660037);云南省应用基础研究青年项目(2016FD044);西南林业大学科研启动基金(111443);云南省高校优势特色重点学科生态学建设项目(050005113111)

摘　　要：以滇中昆明市北郊松华坝迤者小流域为研究区,研究等高反坡阶对坡耕地不同土层土壤饱和导水率空间分布及其影响因子的影响,并分析不同土层(0~10、10~20、20~40、40~60、60~80和80~100 cm)土壤饱和导水率及其影响因子的关系.结果表明:(1)相较于原状坡耕地,布设等高反坡阶使各土层粉粒含量分别增加了5.76%、16.52%、22.66%、19.64%、12.90%和1.73%.(2)布设等高反坡阶后土壤容重逐渐降低,除表层土壤外,其余各土层土壤容重分别降低了5.65%、12.12%、5.80%、4.11%和6.67%?土壤水分含量逐渐增加,各土层土壤体积含水量分别增加了17.34%、14.63%、29.41%、18.64%、29.90%和31.72%.(3)等高反坡阶措施使土壤饱和导水率显著提高,平均饱和导水率约是原状坡耕地的4倍?土壤饱和导水率均随土层深度的增加呈现出先上升后下降的趋势.(4)土壤饱和导水率与土壤容重、粉粒含量、砂粒含量和毛管孔隙度的关系显著,其中土壤容重的直接通径系数为-0.371,对土壤饱和导水率产生的直接负效应最强?粉粒含量的直接通径系数为0.398,对土壤饱和导水率产生的直接正效应最强.Small watershed of Songhua River in northern suburb of Kunming City was selected as the study area.The spatial distribu-tion of saturated water conductivity and its influencing factors on soil layers of 0-10,10-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100 cm were investigated.Relationships between saturated water conductivity and its influencing factors were also interpreted.The results showed that silt contents in soil layers with contour reverse slope terrace increased by 5.76%,16.52%,22.66%,19.64%,12.90%and 1.73%,respectively compared with undisturbed slope.Bulk density declined gradually under contour reverse slope terrace ex-cept surface soil.The bulk density of each soil layer decreased by 5.65%,12.12%,5.80%,4.11%and 6.67%,respectively.How-ever,soil moisture content rose gradually along soil depths,with soil volume water content increasing by 17.34%,14.63%,29.41%,18.64%,29.90%and 31.72%,respectively.Average saturated water conductivity of soil from contour reverse slope was a-bout 4 times higher than that of undisturbed slope,and saturated water conductivity of the soil increased first and then dropped with increasing soil depth.Soil saturated water conductivity was highly related to soil bulk density,silt content,sand content and capillar-y porosity.The direct path coefficient of soil bulk density reached-0.371,exerting a highest direct negative effect upon saturated soil water conductivity.The direct path coefficient of silt arrived at 0.398,indicating a highest direct positive effects on saturated soil water conductivity.

关 键 词：等高反坡阶 坡耕地 土壤饱和导水率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]