水肥减量对设施连作茄子产量、品质及黄萎病发病率的影响  

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Reduction on Yield,Quality and Incidence of Verticillium Wilt in Continuous Cropping

作　　者：缪其松[1,2] 广建芳 邵孝侯[1] 李英[2] 柏广利 唐懋华 魏猷刚 张燕燕 MIAO Qisong;GUANG Jianfang;SHAO Xiaohou;LI Ying;BO Guangli;TANG Maohua;WEI Yougang;ZHANG Yanyan(Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Nanjing Vegetable Science Research Institute,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学,南京210098 [2]南京市蔬菜科学研究所,南京210095

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2019年第8期15-21,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

摘　　要：【目的】提高黄萎病高发区设施连作茄子产量和品质,降低黄萎病发病率和病情指数。【方法】在塑料大棚内,研究了水肥减量(灌水量和施肥量均为常规的80%、70%、60%、50%、40%)对设施连作茄子生长、产量、品质、根际微生物以及黄萎病发病率和病情指数等的影响。【结果】①随着水肥量的降低,茄子根际大丽轮枝菌微菌核数量,黄萎病病情指数和发病率也降低。②50%水肥处理,相比其他处理,茄子根际大丽轮枝菌微菌核数量与种植前相比没有显著增加,黄萎病病情指数和发病率最低。③50%水肥处理的茄子生长状况、果实性状最好,产量、品质最高;根际有害真菌数量降低,细菌、放线菌数量增加。【结论】在设施茄子黄萎病发病较严重地区,可通过合理的水肥减量措施,如水肥量减半,在保证设施连作茄子正常生长前提下,降低设施连作茄子黄萎病发病率,且获得最大产量和较高品质。【Objective】The objective is to improve the yield and quality of continuous cropping of eggplant in the high-incidence area of Verticillium wilt,and to reduce the incidence and disease index of Verticillium wilt.【Method】In the plastic greenhouse,we studied the growth,yield,quality,rhizosphere microorganisms and the incidence of verticillium wilt and disease index of the continuous cropping of eggplant by water and fertilizer reduction(80%,70%,60%,50%,40%of conventional irrigation and fertilization).【Result】With the decrease of water and fertilizer,the number of micro-sclerotia of Verticillium dahliae in the rhizosphere of eggplant,the disease index and incidence of Verticillium wilt decreased.Compared with other treatments,the number of micro-sclerotia of Verticillium dahliae in the rhizosphere of eggplant treated with 50%water and fertilizer was not significantly increased compared with that before planting,and the disease index and incidence rate of Verticillium wilt were the lowest.The growth condition and fruit traits of the eggplant treated with 50%water and fertilizer were the best,and the yield and quality were the highest.The number of harmful fungi in the rhizosphere decreased,and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes increased.【Conclusion】Therefore,in the area where the disease of eggplant verticillium is more serious,halving the amount of water and fertilizer can be used to reduce the incidence of facility continuous eggplant verticillium wilt and maximize the yield and quality.

关 键 词：大丽轮枝菌 微菌核 滴灌 水肥减量 产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]