卷盘式喷灌机用斜击式和切击式水涡轮外特性试验与对比分析  

Experimental and Comparative Analysis on Hydraulic Performance of Inclined-jet and Tangential Water Turbines for Hose Reel Irrigators

作　　者：侯新月 汤玲迪[2] 李浩[2,3] 郎景波[1] 邱志鹏 HOU Xinyue;TANG Lingdi;LI Hao;LANG Jingbo;QIU Zhipeng(Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institute,Harbin 100050,China;National Research Center of Pumps,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;Jiangsu HuayuanWater-saving Co.,LTD,Xuzhou 221150,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省水利科学研究院,哈尔滨100050 [2]江苏大学国家水泵及系统工程技术研究中心,江苏镇江212013 [3]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [4]江苏华源节水股份有限公司,江苏徐州221150

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2019年第8期90-96,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400202,2016YFC0400109)

摘　　要：【目的】了解斜击式和切击式卷盘式喷灌机水涡轮的外特性。【方法】构建了水涡轮外特性试验装置,测试了一定转速下2种型式水涡轮的流量、进出口水压力、扭矩、转速等外特性数据,获得了2种型式水涡轮流量-水头、流量-轴功率和流量-效率特性曲线以及一定水头下2种型式水涡轮的转速特性,即转速-效率、转速-功率曲线。【结果】斜击式水涡轮的最优运行转速在300 r/min左右,最高效率仅为13.8%,而切击式水涡轮的最优运行转速在600 r/min左右,效率为33.7%。在2种型式水涡轮效率最高时,切击式水涡轮的轴功率增加了34.3%,运行流量减少了约29.7%,效率提高了19.9%。【结论】切击式水涡轮总体性能高于斜击式水涡轮。【Objective】The aim is to grasp the hydraulic characteristics of the existing water turbines for hose reel irrigators in China including inclined-jet type and tangential type,the water turbine hydraulic characteristic test device is built.【Method】The hydraulic characteristic data of flow rate,inlet pressure,outlet pressure,torque and rotational speed of the two water turbines at a certain speed were tested,and flow-head,flow-power and flow-efficiency characteristic curves for two water turbines were obtained.In addition,the rotational speed characteristics of the two water turbines under a certain head,namely the rotational speed-efficiency and the rotational speedpower curves can be calculated.【Result】The optimal operating rotational speed of the inclined-jet water turbine was about 300 r/min,the highest efficiency was only 13.8%,while the optimal operating speed of the tangential water turbine was about 600 r/min,and the efficiency was 33.7%.Further comparative analysis showed that compared with the performance of the inclined-jet water turbine,the shaft power of the tangential water turbine increased by 34.3%,the operating flow rate decreased by about 29.7%,and the efficiency increased by 19.9%,when two water turbines operating at the most efficient work point.【Conclusion】Therefore,the overall performance of the tangential water turbine is better than that of the inclined-jet water turbine,which provides reference data for further improving the performance of the water turbine of the hose reel irrigator.

关 键 词：喷灌机 水涡轮 切击式水涡轮 外特性 

分 类 号：TK737[交通运输工程—轮机工程] S277.9[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]