法国临终医疗法制评析与启示  

Analysis and Enlightenment of France’s End-of-life Health Care Law

作　　者：孙也龙[1] Sun Yelong(Law School,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211816)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学法学院

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2019年第5期127-137,共11页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：南京工业大学青年社科基金项目(项目编号:skqn2017008);南京工业大学“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想专题研究”项目的阶段性成果(项目编号:XJPB006)四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地——四川医事卫生法治研究中心资助课题(项目编号:YF18-Q12)

摘　　要：法国2005年《莱奥奈蒂法》认可了终止维生医疗和舒缓疗护,但其并未设计出完备的提升临终患者权利的框架。2016年《克拉埃斯-莱奥奈蒂法》对法国临终医疗法制进行了重要修改,同时仍然维持对安乐死与医助自杀的禁止。新法律创设了持续深镇静的权利,将持续深镇静作为特别实践予以规范,是该法的最大创新;明确将人工供给水与营养界定为医疗行为,为终止此种行为提供了前提;给予预先指示法律约束力,同时进一步丰富了预先指示的制度内容。法国临终医疗法制对我国具有启示意义,包括应当将生命质量作为生命权的重要内容,应当对临终医疗的行为模式作出立法选择,应当对终止维生医疗和舒缓疗护作出立法规制,应当明确亲属在临终医疗情境中的法律地位。The France’s “Loi Leonetti” of 2005 recognizes withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and provision of palliative care,but it did not design a complete framework for promoting the rights of terminally ill patients.The “Loi Claeys-Leonetti” of 2016 has made important changes to France’s end-of-life health care law,which still prohibits euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide.The new law creates the right to continuous deep sedation,and standardizes it as a special practice,which is the biggest innovation of the law.It clearly defines artificial hydration and nutrition as medical treatment,which provides a prerequisite for terminating such act.It also makes advance directives legally binding,and further enriches the content of legal system of advance directives.The France’s end-of-life health care legal system has significant enlightenments for China,including regarding the quality of life as an important aspect of right to life,making a legislative choice for the mode of behavior of end-of-life health care,establishing rules to regulate the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and provision of palliative care,and clarifying the legal status of patients’ relatives in end-of-life situations.

关 键 词：法国法 临终权利 医疗自主权 生命权 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]