林木整枝技术研究现状及趋势  

Research Status and Trend on Pruning Technology of Forest Tree

作　　者：玉宝 YU Bao(National Academy of Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 102600)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局管理干部学院

出　　处：《林业科技》2019年第5期54-58,共5页Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：林业援外培训需求与工作机制研究课题资助

摘　　要：对目前的林木自然整枝预测模型和影响因子、人工整枝对林木生长的影响、整枝强度划分等级及表征指标应用现状进行综合整理分析的结果表明:①国内目前的自然整枝规律和人工修枝技术研究主要集中于速生树种和用材林,缺乏对天然林尤其是次生林的研究。需要对生态公益林自然整枝规律、恢复次生林自然整枝能力以及人工整枝技术、创新构建符合生产的整枝强度指标等方面进行深入研究。②对自然整枝规律及机理性研究有待深入。需要研究分枝特性、枝条生长规律、形成枯枝和脱落动态变化与林木年龄增长的关系,建立整枝理论技术和实用技术体系,从而指导林业生产。重点是根据不同经营目标,针对不同区域、林种、树种、林分结构的林木,找到形成枯枝脱落的时间规律、表征整枝强度的指标及变化规律,林分结构因子与整枝强度间的动态变化关系等。③平衡自然整枝与人工整枝,通过调整优化结构,促进伴生树种对目标树的自然整枝,进而有效提升自然整枝能力,减少人工整枝成本。This article summarized the prediction models and influencing factors of self-pruning for forest tree,impact of artificial pruning on forest tree's growth,pruning intensity grade and application status of characteristic index.Researches show that①at present,domestic researches on self-pruning rules and artificial pruning technology focus on fast growing species and timber forest,and researches on natural forest,especially secondary forest,are insufficient.It is necessary to conduct deep researches on pruning intensity index that conforms to production,such as,self-pruning rule of ecological public-welfare forest,self-pruning capacity of rehabilitated secondary forest and artificial pruning technology,innovative construction.②Researches on self-pruning law and mechanism are to be deepened.It is necessary to study branching characteristic,branch growth law,deadwood formation,falling-off dynamic change that with the age growth of forest to build pruning theory technology and practical technology system,and to guide forestry production.The key points are to study time law,index for representing pruning intensity and change rules,dynamic relation between forest stand structure factor and pruning intensity of deadwood formation from different areas,forest category,seeds of trees,forest of stand structure,based on different operation target.③It is necessary to balance self-pruning and artificial pruning,we can promote self-pruning of associated species on target tree,effectively advance capacity of self-pruning and reduce artificial pruning cost by adjusting optimized structure.

关 键 词：自然整枝 人工整枝 整枝强度 天然林 人工林 

分 类 号：S53.518[农业科学—作物学]