18家医院新生儿首剂乙型肝炎疫苗接种状况调查  

Status of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccination among newborns in 18 hospitals

作　　者：孙校金[1] 王富珍[1] 郑徽[1] 缪宁[1] 尹遵栋[1] 张国民[1] Sun Xiaojin;Wang Fuzhen;Zheng Hui;Miao Ning;Yin Zundong;Zhang Guomin(Department of National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2019年第4期401-404,共4页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治(2018ZX10721202)

摘　　要：目的分析医院新生儿首剂乙型肝炎疫苗(First dose of hepatitis B vaccine, HepB1)接种现状。方法选取中国6个省18个县(区)共18家医院,调查住院分娩的新生儿HepB1及时(Timely HepB1,HepB1t)接种率和HepB1未及时接种原因、医院HepB1接种服务状况、医务人员对HepB1接种策略的态度。结果 18家医院新生儿总体HepB1t接种率为93.75%(114 603/122 246)。在未及时接种HepB1的新生儿中,早产、新生儿窒息、低体重分别占54.55%、9.71%、8.05%。在9家调查医院中,产房接种5家,固定时间集中接种3家,产房接种+固定时间接种1家。医务人员支持现行的HepB1接种策略,不建议推迟接种HepB1。结论住院分娩新生儿HepB1t接种率处于较高水平,需进一步明确HepB接种禁忌,探索HepB1接种服务模式。Objective To analyze the status of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB1) among newborns in 18 hospitals. Methods We selected 18 hospitals in 18 counties of 6 provinces in China to investigate coverage of timely HepB1(HepB1 t) and reasons for late HepB1 among hospital-born infants, HepB1 vaccination services in hospitals, and medical staff attitudes toward HepB1 vaccination strategies. Results The overall coverage of HepB1 t in the 18 hospitals was 93.75 %(114 603/122 246). Prematurity, neonatal asphyxia, and low birth weight were reasons that accounted for 54.55%, 9.71%, and 8.05% of untimely HepB1 vaccination, respectively. Among 9 surveyed hospitals, 5 provided timely vaccination in delivery rooms, 3 provided vaccination at a fixed time, and one provided both services. Medical staff supported current HepB1 vaccination strategies, and disagreed with delaying HepB1 administration. Conclusions HepB1 t coverage was high among newborns in hospitals of the study. We should clarif y contraindications of HepB vaccination, and improve HepB1 vaccination services.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎疫苗 首剂 及时接种 策略 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]