政治冲突话语的批评认知语言学研究——基于叙利亚战争话语的个案研究  

A Critical Cognitive Linguistic Analysis of Political Conflict Discourses:A Case Study Based on Discourses of Syrian War

作　　者：张辉[1] 颜冰 ZHANG Hui;YAN Bing

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学外国语学院,江苏南京210023 [2]江苏第二师范学院外国语学院,江苏南京210013

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2019年第4期14-27,146,共15页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

摘　　要：本文旨在以叙利亚战争话语为个案,对政治冲突话语进行批评认知分析。我们在语料库、定性定量研究方法基础之上,结合话语空间理论与趋近化理论探讨叙利亚战争话语在空间、时间与价值轴上话语空间的构建与“指称中心”的转换。对美、叙、中三方话语共时比较分析发现:(1)美叙两方都使用大量的空间趋近策略辅之以较为充分的价值趋近策略,构建了外围实体向其趋近,产生威胁的话语空间。(2)美叙中三方在时间趋近策略中都主要采用过去到现在的概念转移,突出战争产生影响的历史性、紧迫性、急速性。(3)“指称中心”的转换导致“指称中心”内外的话语实体分布及相互关系产生了颠覆性变化。美方着力加强自身军事行为合法性而叙方着力取消对方行为合法性。由此可见,政治冲突话语中,处于不同指称中心的说话人为实现不同政治目标选择相应的语言操纵策略并隐含不同的立场和观点。In this paper,we intend to make a critical cognitive analysis of political conflict discourses,focusing on discourses of Syrian War as a case study.Based upon corpus study and quantitative-qualitative approach,we discuss the construction of discourse space and shift in“deictic center”of discourses on Syrian War in term of spatial,temporal and axiological axes in the discourses of USA,Syrian and Chinese media,combining Discourse Space Theory and Proximization Theory.On the basis of synchronic contrastive analysis of discourses of USA,Syrian and Chinese media,we find that(1)Both USA and Syria apply a large number of spatial proximization strategies with adequate axiological proximization strategies aided to construe a discourse space in which entities outside the deictic center are encroaching upon it,causing threat.(2)On temporal axis,Whitehouse website,Syrian Sana website and Chinese Xinhua website all mainly adopt past-to-present conceptual shift to enhance the historicity,imminence and rapidity of influence brought by the war.(3)The shift in“deictic center”entails subversive changes of distributions and inter-active relationship of entities inside and outside the“deictic center”.Whitehouse website en-hances legitimization of its military action while Syrian Sana website tries to delegitimize the ac-tion.It can be seen that in political conflict discourses,speakers anchored in different“deictic center”tend to employ corresponding language manipulation strategies in service of diverging political goals,while implying different stance-taking and viewpoints.

关 键 词：批评认知语言学 话语空间 趋近化 政治话语 叙利亚战争 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]