天山雪岭云杉森林菌根真菌多样性及其影响因子  

Diversity of Mycorrhizal Fungi of Picea schrenkiana Forest and Its Affecting Factors in the Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：杜海燕 常顺利[1] 宋成程[1] 张毓涛[2] DU Hai-yan;CHANG Shun-li;SONG Cheng-cheng;ZHANG Yu-tao(Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology under the Ministry of Education,College of Resources and Environmental Science,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Forest Ecology,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry,Urumqi 830063,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆林业科学院森林生态研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830063

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2019年第5期1194-1201,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1503187);“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题(2015BAD07B03-03);2017年新疆林业科技项目“新疆森林资源生态质量与生态效益动态监测评估”资助

摘　　要：雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)是天山森林的建群种,在中国北方针叶林中占有重要地位。本研究按海拔梯度在天山北坡采集菌根样品及表层土壤样品,采用分子生物学技术对菌根真菌进行鉴定;同时测定土壤有机碳、全N、有效P和全K等含量,通过构建系统发育树、典型对应分析(CCA)等方法,探讨了雪岭云杉森林菌根真菌多样性及其影响因子。结果表明:①雪岭云杉森林中菌根真菌共21种,隶属于2门6纲10目12科14属。②担子菌门真菌在各海拔的雪岭云杉林中均有分布,而子囊菌门真菌主要分布在低海拔的雪岭云杉林中。随着海拔升高,菌根侵染率与香农-威纳指数先升后降,分别处于13%~36%和1.14~2.03之间,辛普森指数在0.49~0.63之间则表现为逐渐下降的趋势;均匀度指数在0.47~0.63,随海拔先降后升。③雪岭云杉森林菌根真菌分布、侵染率和多样性指数主要受海拔和土壤有机碳含量的影响,土壤全N含量仅显著影响了香农-威纳指数和均匀度指数。本研究可为雪岭云杉森林菌根真菌资源的认识和利用提供依据。Picea schrenkiana is an edificator on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and plays an important role in the coniferous forests in north China.In this study,the mycorrhizal and topsoil samples were collected from the northern slope according to the altitude gradient in the Tianshan Mountains.The mycorrhizal fungi were identified by molecular biology techniques,and the contents of soil organic carbon,total N,effective P and total K were measured.Phylogenetic tree and typical correspondence analysis(CCA)were used to investigate the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi and their affecting factors.The results showed that:①There were 21 mycorrhizal fungi symbiotic with P.schrenkiana forest,belonging to 2 genus,6 classes,10 orders,12 families and 14 genera;②Basidiomycota fungi were distributed in various elevation and altitude zones,while Ascomycota fungi were mainly distributed in the low-altitude zone.With the increase of altitude,the mycorrhizal infection rate(13%-36%)and the ShannonWeiner index(1.14-2.03)were increased at first and then decreased.The Simpson’s index was in a gradual decrease trend in a range of 0.49-0.63;the uniformity index varied from 0.47 to 0.63,and it was decreased at first and then increased with altitude;③The distribution,infection rate and diversity index of mycorrhizal fungi were mainly affected by altitude and soil organic carbon content.The total N content affected significantly only the Shannon-Werner index and the uniformity index.This study could provide a basis for the recognition and utilization of mycorrhizal fungus resources of P.schrenkiana.

关 键 词：菌根真菌 侵染率 物种多样性 雪岭云杉 天山 

分 类 号：S71[农业科学—林学]