麦棉两熟种植系统棉田土壤速效磷时空分布特征  

Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Soil Available Phosphorus in Wheat-Cotton Double-Cropping Systems

作　　者：李腾 韩迎春[1] 熊世武 王占彪[1] 李小飞 王国平[1] 王康丽 李亚兵[1] Li Teng;Han Yingchun;Xiong Shiwu;Wang Zhanbiao;Li Xiaofei;Wang Guoping;Wang Kangli;Li Yabing(Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Anyang,Henan 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]棉花生物学国家重点实验室/中国农业科学院棉花研究所

出　　处：《棉花学报》2019年第5期427-437,共11页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“黄河流域棉区棉花化肥农药减施技术集成与示范”项目(2017YFD0201906)

摘　　要：【目的】以豫北不同麦棉种植方式为研究对象,探索在生育期内土壤速效磷(Available phosphorus,AP)的时空分布特征。【方法】在棉花单作、麦棉3-1式套作(3-1)、麦棉6-2式套作(6-2)3种种植方式的长期定位试验田中,分别在麦棉共生期、棉花生长关键时期采用空间网格取样法取样,地统计学方法进行计算,分析在3种种植方式下的AP的时空分布特征。【结果】种植方式对于土壤AP含量的影响在不同的生长时期呈现出不同的趋势,具体表现为:在麦棉共生期,棉花单作下的AP含量显著高于3-1式20.98%(5月12日)和24.26%(6月7日);小麦收获后,棉花生长中期(7月3日、8月4日),3种种植方式间其含量差异不明显;棉花生长后期,其含量为:棉花单作>6-2式>3-1式。在3种种植模式下,随着土壤深度的增加,土壤AP含量均呈现明显的降低趋势;AP在水平方向上的分布明显地受到了小麦、棉花种植位置的影响,且在不同时期下分布趋势不同。半方差函数显示,AP在3种种植方式下、垂直方向的空间依赖性均较强,模型拟合R2均接近于1,C0/C+C0均小于25%,说明在本研究取样尺度下,种植模式对其垂直方向的空间结构影响不明显。【结论】麦棉两熟种植改变了上层土壤AP的时空分布情况,但在本研究取样尺度下对其垂直方向的空间异质性无影响。运用空间网格取样法取样,地统计学原理进行分析,可以更加直观地了解不同麦棉种植模式下土壤AP的时空变化情况,可以为麦棉两熟种植田间管理提供相应指导,对两熟种植下农田生态系统的土壤养分研究提供理论支撑。[Objective]Here,the spatial and temporal distributions of soil available phosphorus(AP)were investigated during cotton growth stages in wheat-cotton double-cropping systems in northern Henan,China.[Method]Using the spatial grid sampling and geo-statistical analysis methods,we analyzed the spatial and temporal distributions of soil AP in a cotton monoculture,wheat-cotton 3-1 intercropping system(3-1)and wheat-cotton 6-2 intercropping system(6-2)during the wheat and cotton co-growth stage and the key growth stages of cotton only.[Result]The AP contents were significantly influenced by the cropping systems on different dates.In the co-growth stage,the AP content in the cotton monoculture was higher than that in 3-1,at 20.98%on May 12 and 24.26%on June 7.After wheat was harvested(July 3 and August 4),there were no significant differences among the three cropping systems,and in the boll-opening stage of cotton,the order of the AP contents were as follows:cotton monoculture>6-2>3-1.In the vertical direction,the AP contents decreased as the soil depth increased,while in the horizontal direction,the AP distribution was influenced significantly by the cropping system.Based on the semivariance,there were strong spatial dependencies in the vertical direction in all three cropping systems.[Conclusion]Wheat-cotton double-cropping systems changed the distribution of soil AP,but had no influence on the spatial heterogeneity of the soil AP in the vertical direction.Geo-statistics provide a more intuitive method and guide to study the soil nutrients of the wheat–cotton and other double-cropping systems.

关 键 词：麦棉两熟 速效磷 时空分布 空间异质性 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]