黔西北高原湿地景观生态格局演化特征分析  

Analysis on Evolution Characteristics of Wetland Landscape Ecological Patterns in Northwest Guizhou Plateau

作　　者：任金铜 陈凡美 陈群利 冯图 王志红 左太安 REN Jintong;CHEN Fanmei;CHEN Qunli;FENG Tu;WANG Zhihong;ZUO Taian(School of Ecological Engineering,Guizhou University of Engineering and Science,Bijie 551700,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州工程应用技术学院生态工程学院

出　　处：《信阳师范学院学报（自然科学版）》2019年第4期563-571,共9页Journal of Xinyang Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810668033);贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教合KY字(2015)448号);贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2017]050);贵州省科技厅联合基金项目(黔科合LH字[2015]7594号);贵州省科技厅社会攻关计划(黔科合SY字[2013]3171号);贵州省重点学科“生态学”资助(黔学位合字ZDXK[2013]11号);贵州高原湿地生态工程协同创新中心资助(2015XT003)

摘　　要：以位于典型喀斯特地区的黔西北高原区域为研究对象,选取1995、2005、2015年3期遥感影像,基于景观生态学理论,应用景观格局指数对研究区近20年来的高原湿地景观格局动态变化特征进行定量分析.结果表明:(1)黔西北高原地区湿地景观类型发生了较大变化,湿地景观类型总面积呈下降趋势;(2)研究区湿地景观类型中河流、水库坑塘和滩地等湿地景观类型面积减少较为严重,而水田、湖泊等湿地景观类型在受到人类活动及政策等因素的影响,面积有所增加;(3)除滩地景观类型外,其他湿地景观类型的NP和PD均呈现出不同程度的增加,水田景观类型的LPI基本保持不变,其他湿地景观类型的LPI则是不同程度的增加,从平均斑块面积(AREA_MN)来看,河流景观类型变化最为严重.(4)研究区在近20年内湿地景观异质性有所增加,不同景观斑块在空间上趋于离散,1995-2015年间研究区内景观蔓延度指数(CONTAG)总体呈下降趋势,SHDI和SHEI均呈现出持续增加趋势.Taking the plateau area of Northwest Guizhou in typical karst area as the research object,based on the landscape ecology theory,and three remote sensing images of 1995,2005 and 2015 were selected,which the landscape pattern index was used to quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes of the plateau wetland landscape pattern in the past 20 years.The results showed that:(1)Great changes had taken place in wetland landscape types in northwestern Guizhou plateau,and the total area of wetland landscape types showed a downward trend.(2)Among the wetland landscape types in the study area,the area of wetland landscape types such as rivers,reservoirs,ponds and beaches decreased seriously,while the area of wetland landscape types such as paddy fields and lakes increased due to human activities and policies.(3)Except for beach landscape types,NP and PD of other wetland landscape types increased in varying degrees.The LPI of paddy field landscape types remained basically unchanged,while that of other wetland landscape types increased in varying degrees.According to the average patch area(AREA_MN),the change of river landscape type was the most serious.(4)In the past 20 years,the heterogeneity of wetland landscape in the study area had increased,and different landscape patches tended to be discrete in space.Among them,from 1995 to 2015,the landscape spread index(CONTAG)in the study area showed a downward trend,while SHDI and SHEI showed a continuous increasing trend.

关 键 词：黔西北 高原湿地 景观格局 动态变化 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]