西北太平洋日本鲭资源丰度分布与表温和水温垂直结构的关系  

Relationship Between the Resource Distribution of Scomber japonicus and Seawater Temperature Vertical Structure of Northwestern Pacific Ocean

作　　者：王良明 李渊[2,4] 张然[2] 田永军 张俊[3,4] 林龙山[2] WANG Liang-Ming;LI Yuan;ZHANG Ran;TIAN Yong-Jun;ZHANG Jun;LIN Long-Shan(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Xiamen 361005,China;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development,Ministry of Agriculture,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005 [3]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300 [4]农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第11期29-38,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：全球变化与海气相互作用专项(GASI-02-PAC-YDspr; GASI-02-PAC-YDsum);农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放基金项目(LOF 2017-02);国家海洋局西太平洋海洋环境监测预警体系建设专项项目(SOA201303)资助~~

摘　　要：西北太平洋公海区域为我国近年来重点开发的海域,而日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)为该海域的重要经济鱼种,本文初步探讨了该海域日本鲭渔场的形成机制。根据2015年4-6月春季航次和2016年6-7月夏季航次西北太平洋灯光围网船各站点的调查数据,对日本鲭资源丰度分布与海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperture,SST)、水温垂直结构的关系进行了分析。研究显示:春季日本鲭的站位平均渔获率为736.94 kg/h,高于夏季的498.87 kg/h。日本鲭渔场的分布范围随季节变化而略有差异,春季主要集中在40°N、151°E^153°E海域,夏季主要集中在41°N、154°E^160°E海域。春、夏两季渔场的SST范围有所差异,春季渔场SST范围为7~19℃,最适SST为11~15℃;夏季渔场SST范围为8~24℃,最适SST为8~12℃。分析了不同季节的5~50、50~100和5~100 m水温垂直梯度与站位平均渔获率的关系,表明不同季节渔场的水温垂直梯度差异明显,从50~100 m水温垂直梯度来看,春季日本鲭的站位平均渔获率在0.10~0.15℃/m组距内达最大;夏季,站位平均渔获率随水温垂直梯度增加而减少,在-0.05~0.00℃/m组距内达最大。灰色关联度分析表明,ΔT 50~100(50~100 m水温垂直梯度)是对日本鲭渔获率影响最显著的因子,关联度为0.991,纬度、经度和T 50等次之。同时分析了所选取的3个代表性站点的水温垂直结构,表明在50~100 m水深范围内有温跃层的站点渔获产量较高,因此,日本鲭渔获率的大小可能与50~100 m水深范围内温跃层的形成密切相关。Scomber japonicus is a cosmopolitan pelagic species widely distributed in the Northwsetern Pacific and its adjacent sea areas.For the S.japonicus around Northwestern Pacific,there are two stocks,the Tsushima Current stock and the Pacific stock.The samples that were analyzed in this study all belonged to the Pacific stock,which were collected in the Northwestern Pacific high seas.Based on catch data from a light-purse seine fishing vessel and temperature data in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean from April to June 2015 and May to July 2016,the relationships among catch rate of S.japonicus,surface temperature and vertical temperature structure were studied.The results indicated that the density of resource of S.japonicus during spring(736.94 kg/h)was higher than that during summer(498.87 kg/h);the seasonal variation in the fishing grounds of S.japonicus was not so obvious,the catch was mainly concentrated in the waters near 40°N,151°E^153°E in spring,and in the waters near 41°N,154°E^160°E in summer.The suitable sea surface temperature(SST)in the fishing grounds was 7~19℃in spring and 8~24℃in summer,the optimum SST of S.japonicus was different,which was 11~15℃in spring and 8~12℃in summer.The temperature gradients of 0~50 m,50~100 m and 0~100 m in different seasons were analyzed,which indicated that the temperature gradient in fishing ground was significantly different between spring and summer,the catch rate of S.japonicus in the class interval of 0.10~0.15℃/m was the highest in spring,and the others were lower significantly.However,the catch rate of S.japonicu s decreased with the increase in the temperature gradient from 50 to 100 m in summer,and the catch rate in the class interval of-0.05~0.00℃/m was higher than that of others.The degree of grey incidence(0.991)indicated that the temperature gradient form 50 to 100 m was the greatest factor affecting the catch of S.japonicus,which was followed by the latitude,longitude and T 50.Simultaneously,the vertical structure of temperature at the three rep

关 键 词：西北太平洋 灯光围网 日本鲭 资源丰度分布 表温 水温垂直结构 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]