中国古代林木主伐宜忌月份的考证与辨析  

Overview and Analysis on Suitable Lunar Month of Forest Harvesting in Ancient China

作　　者：张德成[1] ZHANG De-cheng(Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing,100091,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第3期42-52,共11页Journal of Beijing Forestry University ：Social Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项“中国古代森林采伐技术研究”(CAFYBB2014MC004)

摘　　要：中国古代对林木主伐宜忌月份有大量记载,为全面了解古人对林木主伐宜忌月份的认识及其依据,通过摘录古代文献中相关记述资料,进行分类整理,归纳分析确定宜忌月份的依据,对各个月份是否适合主伐加以辨析。研究认为:中国古代确定林木主伐宜忌月份的依据主要有顺应时气、防蛀、保证材性、阴阳调和、利于施工、保障再生等。不同的依据造成主伐宜忌月份的不同主张,多个月份都是宜忌兼有,使确定主伐月份这个问题呈现复杂化特点,反映了古人在林木采伐时思考的多样性与全面性。大体上古人认为阴历一月至三月禁止林木主伐,对四月至九月是否适宜主伐存在不同观点,在六月至七月可采伐竹材,在十至十二月较适宜采伐木材。There were a lot of records on the taboos of forest harvesting lunar month in ancient China.In order to fully understand the ancient people’s understanding of those taboos and their ground,the relevant documents in the ancient literature were extracted and classified to analyze the ground of determining taboo months and distinguish whether each month is suitable for harvesting.According to the study,the factors that determine months of forest harvesting in ancient China are mainly time,anti-mite condition,guarantee of wood property,yin and yang reconciliation,ease of construction,and guarantee of regeneration.Different factors lead to varied claims of the month of harvesting.Many months are both suitable and unsuitable which makes the problem of determining the harvesting month more complex,reflecting the diversity and comprehensiveness of the ancients in forest harvesting.In general,the ancients believed that harvesting was prohibited from January to March in the lunar calendar,while there was a different view on whether it is suitable for harvesting from April to September.Bamboo can be harvested from June to July and wood is suitable for harvesting from October to December.

关 键 词：森林采伐 月份 木材 竹材 

分 类 号：K204[历史地理—历史学]