蒙贝利亚杂种牛与荷斯坦牛早期发育性状对比研究  

Study on Comparisons of Early Growth and Development Performance between Montbeliarde Crossbred and Purebred Holstein

作　　者：张晓明[1] 张旭[2] 焦士会[2] 于峰[3] 葛建军[1] 赵俊金[4] 王雅春[2] ZHANG Xiao-ming;ZHANG Xu;JIAO Shi-hui;YU Feng;GE Jian-jun;ZHAO Jun-jin;WANG Ya-chun(Xinjiang Hutubi Seedstock Farm,Changji 831203;China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097;National Animal Husbandry Service,Beijing 100125)

机构地区：[1]新疆呼图壁种牛场,昌吉831203 [2]中国农业大学,北京100193 [3]北京市农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所,北京100097 [4]全国畜牧总站,北京100125

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2019年第8期24-28,共5页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：乳肉兼用牛饲养管理技术推广项目;现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-36)

摘　　要：本研究通过选择难产率低的蒙贝利亚公牛与荷斯坦母牛杂交,比较蒙×荷杂种牛和纯种荷斯坦牛早期生长发育性状。结果表明杂种牛在初生~3月龄期间与荷斯坦牛各项指标差异不显著(P≥0.05);4月龄后,杂种牛体重、胸围、体高等性状都极显著高于同期的荷斯坦牛(P<0.01)。相关性分析显示发育早期阶段,体重与胸围、体斜长、十字部高、尻长和腰角宽相关程度最高,相关系数为0.91以上(P<0.05)。结果表明,选种难产率低的蒙贝利亚公牛与荷斯坦牛杂交,犊牛出生时体重与体尺与荷斯坦牛无差异,但杂种牛表现出更优的增长趋势,杂交效果明显。In this study,Montbeliarde sire with low dystocia rate were selected and used to crossbreed with Holstein cows,and the growth and development performances of M×H crossbred and Holstein purebred at early stages were analyzed and compared.The results indicated that almost all traits of crossbred progeny had no difference with those of purebred Holstein from birth to three-month-old(P≥0.05).At the age of four months,the body weight,chest circumstance and body height of Montbeliarde crossbred calves were higher than those of the purebred Holstein(P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed that the body weight is highly correlated with the chest circumstance,body length,height at hip cross,as well as the rump length and hip width,with coefficient value higher than 0.91(P<0.05).Results showed that when selecting easy calving bulls to crossbreed with Holstein,body weight and body size of the crossbred progeny are not significantly different from that of purebred Holstein at birth,however,crossbred animals did present a better growth trend,demonstrating an obvious heterosis effect.

关 键 词：蒙贝利亚牛 荷斯坦牛 杂交 体重 体尺 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]