一次性施用甘蔗专用缓释肥对甘蔗产量及蔗糖分的影响  

Effects of One-time Application of Special Slow-release Fertilizer on Yield and Sucrose Content of Sugarcane

作　　者：梁阗[1] 杨尚东[2] 谭宏伟[3] 何为中[1] 卢文 谢金兰[1] 王南通 Liang Tian;Yang Shangdong;Tan Hongwei;He Weizhong;Lu Wen;Xie Jinlan;Wang Nantong(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007;School of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement,Nanning 530007;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Guangxi Fusui County,Fusui,Guangxi 531000)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004 [3]广西农业科学院,/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [4]广西扶绥县农业农村局,广西扶绥531000

出　　处：《中国糖料》2019年第4期11-17,2,共7页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0201103):甘蔗化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范(桂中南蔗区化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究);国家糖料产业技术体系甘蔗宿根栽培岗位(CARS-170206);广西特色作物试验站建设项目“广西扶绥甘蔗试验站(桂TS2016022)”;国家现代农业产业技术体系广西甘蔗创新团队甘蔗栽培岗位

摘　　要：研究一次性施用甘蔗缓释肥对甘蔗产量和蔗糖分的影响,旨在解决甘蔗生产中施肥次数多、生产成本高等问题。以常规施肥(CK)为对照,缓释甘蔗专用肥6个配方肥一次性施用,进行一新一宿2年的栽培试验,调查分析各处理甘蔗的农艺、经济性状及效益。结果表明,与CK相比,缓释肥具有增加甘蔗分蘖的功效,前期甘蔗株高显著增高、茎径增粗;其中,新植蔗施用缓释肥A、B、C、D、E处理产量比CK增产10.27%~15.36%,差异显著;宿根蔗施用缓控释肥A、B、C、D、E、F处理产量比CK增产2.05%~9.28%,但差异不显著。一次性施用甘蔗专用缓释肥,具有提高甘蔗产量的功效;尤其新植蔗一次性施用缓释肥A、B、C、D、E处理,可提高甘蔗分蘖,增加有效茎数,增产效果显著;宿根蔗一次性施用缓释肥,虽然甘蔗增产效果不显著,但劳力成本显著下降;新植蔗或宿根蔗一次性施用缓释肥中,E处理施肥量2 250 kg/hm2(含增效剂8 kg/t)的增产效果和经济效益最佳。The effect of one-time application of special slow-release fertilizer(SSRF)on yield and sucrose content of sugarcane was studied in order to solve the problems of high frequency of fertilizing and high production cost in sugarcane production.The cultivation experiments(one plant and one ratoon crops)were carried out,in which conventional fertilizer(CK)as control and six SSRF treatments were applied in sugarcane at one time.The agronomic traits,economic characters and benefits of each treatment were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that compared with CK,SSRF had the effect of increasing tiller,and significant increase in plant height and stalk diameter in early growth stage.As compared to the CK,the yields in SSRF treatments A,B,C,D and E significantly increased by 10.27%–15.36%in plant crop;the yields in SSRF treatments A,B,C,D,E and F increased by 2.05%–9.28%.The one-time application of special slow-release fertilizer for sugarcane had positive effect for cane yield increase.In particular,one-time application of slow-release fertilizer in plant cane with A,B,C,D and E treatments could increase tiller and the number of millable stalks,and significantly increase the cane yield.Even no significant cane yield increase in ratoon crop was observed,the saving in labor cost was significantly.The best recommendation for one-time application of slow-release fertilizer was 2 250 kg/ha(Treatment E)with 8 kg/t of synergist.

关 键 词：甘蔗 一次性施用 缓释肥 产量 蔗糖分 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]