共享单车押金性质与法律规制之探讨——从共享单车押金退还案件说起  

Discussion on the Nature and Legal Regulation of Shared Bicycle Deposit——From the Case of Returning the Shared Bicycle Deposit

作　　者：王雪[1] WANG Xue(Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093 China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学

出　　处：《电子科技大学学报（社科版）》2019年第5期45-51,共7页Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：江苏省法学会2012年重点项目“民间融资法律问题研究”(SFH2012A02);国家社科基金一般项目“证券内幕交易构成和证明的疑难法律问题研究”(13BFX105)

摘　　要：在人们享受各式各样共享单车的同时,有关押金的纠纷也开始进入审判程序。共享单车押金的法律性质是讨论押金问题的前提与出发点。被特定化的押金的性质是动产质押,反之,归属于让与担保。由于高昂的成本,目前共享单车公司私自使用押金的情况普遍,但必须认识到,用户对特定化的押金才享有所有权,公司无权使用。为降低无法退还用户押金的风险,政府应当进一步明确孳息的所有权归属、促使银行对押金账户进行风险监管、建立押金账户信息公示制度及鼓励公益诉讼作为押金纠纷的解决途径。可以预测,共享单车正在向信用免押与会员费的方向逐步发展。While people enjoy a variety of shared bicycles,the dispute over the deposit also began to enter the trial process.The legal nature of the shared bicycle deposit is the premise and starting point for discussing the deposit issue.The nature of the deposit specified is the pledge of the movable property and,conversely,the guaranty.Due to the high cost,it is common for shared bicycle companies to use the deposit privately,but it must be recognized that the user has ownership of the specific deposit and the company has no right to use it.In order to reduce the risk of not being able to refund the user deposit,the government should further clarify the ownership of the interest,encourage the bank to conduct risk supervision on the deposit account,establish a deposit account information disclosure system and encourage public interest litigation as a solution to the deposit dispute.It can be predicted that the shared bicycle is gradually developing in the direction of credit exemption and membership fees.

关 键 词：共享单车 押金性质 特定化 动产质押 所有权 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]