正当防卫的时间要件界定——危险理论的提倡  

A Discussion on Time Condition Defining of Justifiable Defense——An Introduction of Danger Theory

作　　者：行江[1] 盛豪杰 Xing Jiang;Sheng Haojie(Law school,Anhui University,Hefei Anhui,230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学法学院

出　　处：《西南石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第5期42-51,共10页Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：“涞源反杀案”最终以检察机关的不起诉决定而结束,但是该案也反映出我国在正当防卫时间要件的认定上没有形成统一的标准。防卫时间分为开始时间与结束时间,学界对开始时间与结束时间的认定进行了探究,但是都不可避免地存在种种局限性。在正当防卫时间要件的认定上应秉持危险理论,对于开始时间的认定需要采用急迫危险说,对于结束时间的认定需要采用危险消除说。同时,对于危险的认定应该以主观论为标准,而该论分为防卫人认识说与一般人认识说。两种学说各有利弊,而将防卫人认识说与一般人认识说相结合所形成的二元主观论更有利于对危险的准确认定。以危险理论与二元主观论分析“涞源反杀案”,可知该案的处理结果兼具正确性与合理性。The accused couple in the“Laiyuan Case”ended with no prosecution by the procuratorate,which reflects the lack of uniform standards for defining the time conditions of justifiable defense in China.The defense time can be divided into starting time and ending time,the identification of which has been studied by the academic community,but limitations exist inevitably.In identifying the time conditions of justifiable defense,the danger theory should be taken as the theoretical guideline:the starting time needs to be defined in accordance with the urgence of danger,and the ending time on the basis of the elimination of danger.And the definition of danger must be based on the theory of subjectivity which includes defender recognition and general people recognition.Both the defender and general people angles have advantages and disadvantages,and the binary theory of subjectivity combining the defender recognition and general people recognition contributes to more accurate danger identification.Through analysis on the basis of the danger theory and binary theory of subjectivity,we can conclude that the final verdict of the“Laiyuan Case”is correct and reasonable.

关 键 词：涞源反杀案 正当防卫 防卫时间 事后防卫 行为危险 

分 类 号：DF61[政治法律—刑法学]