论人工智能的电子法人地位  

On the Status of Electronic Corporation in Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：张志坚 ZHANG Zhi-jian(School of Law,Jiangxi University of Finance And Economics,Nanchang 330032,China)

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学法学院

出　　处：《现代法学》2019年第5期75-88,共14页Modern Law Science

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金项目一般项目“无人驾驶汽车侵权法律问题研究”(18BFX119);法治江西建设协同创新中心2018年度青年课题“人工智能与民商事纠纷化解研究:以江西省为例”(FZJXQN2018024)

摘　　要：人工智能的自主性、交互性和深度学习能力,决定了其既不是物,也不是人,而是介于人与物之间的客观存在,其本质不在于工具性,而在于财产性。对于人工智能致害、获益及其生成物归属难题,将责任、收益以及权利完全归于任一单方主体的方式并不合理,通过保险将风险全部社会化亦有失公平。考虑到人工智能具有财产方面的意思能力和责任能力,但不具有人身性人格,其自主行为背后体现的也是多方主体的意志,以财产性人格的进路将其拟制为电子法人,既是可行的,也是必要的,未来的民法典应该对此有所回应。人工智能在特定领域可自为意思表示、自负行为后果,因其“擅自”行为背后是多方主体混合意志的体现,须按相应比例在多方主体之间分摊权责,从而实现法人之责任有限与权责分摊的目的,且不危及人类自身安全和主体支配地位。The autonomy,interaction and deep learning ability of artificial intelligence determine that it is neither a thing nor a person,but an objective existence between people and things.Its essence is not tool,but property.For the problem of attribution of harm,benefit and product caused by artificial intelligence,it is not reasonable to completely attribute responsibility,benefit and right to any one party,and it is unfair to socialize all risks through insurance.Considering that artificial intelligence has the expression ability and responsibility of property,but does not have personal personality,and its autonomous behavior reflects the will of multiple subjects,it is feasible and necessary to draft it as an electronic corporation with the approach of property personality,and the future Civil Code should respond to this.Artificial intelligence can express itself and conceited behavior consequences in a specific field,because of the“unauthorized”behaviour is a reflection of various main mixed will and must share the responsibilities between the various main,according to a certain proportion to achieve the purpose of legal person of limited liability and responsibility allocation,and can ensure the dominance of human body and does not endanger mankind itself.

关 键 词：人工智能 主体资格 财产性人格 电子法人 

分 类 号：DF51[政治法律—民商法学]