原茬地免耕覆秸播种机寒地秸秆腐解特性研究  

Research on decomposition characteristics of straw in cold region base on 2BMFJ no-tillage planter

作　　者：陈海涛[1] 柴誉铎 侯守印[1] 王星 史乃煜 王洪飞[1] CHEN Haitao;CHAI Yuduo;HOU Shouyin;WANG Xing;SHI Naiyu;WANG Hongfei(School of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2019年第9期79-86,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(GARS-04);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201004)

摘　　要：基于玉米-大豆轮作模式,分析2BMFJ原茬地免耕覆秸大豆播种机北方寒地玉米秸秆覆盖还田腐解周期。在自然条件下,168 d试验周期内,应用秸秆残余应力法与多重比较法结合研究地表覆盖秸秆腐解规律,秸秆不同部位腐解规律,增施有机肥对秸秆腐解影响。结果表明,地表覆盖秸秆可自然腐解,阶段性明显,经机械剪切未被撕裂秸秆降解率56.3%,撕裂后秸秆降解率62.4%;不同部位玉米秸秆降解率差异显著(P<0.05),秸秆自顶部至底部降解率呈线性降低;增施有机肥对秸秆腐解具有促进作用(P<0.05)。研究结果揭示2BMFJ原茬地免耕覆秸播种机北方寒地玉米秸秆覆盖还田腐解特性;填补北方寒地玉米-大豆大田轮作模式下,经机械剪切后覆盖在地表不同形态秸秆腐解规律空白;为原茬地免耕覆秸精量大豆播种机械化技术在北方寒地推广应用提供理论支持。In order to investigate the decomposition period of corn straw mulching and returning to the field in the northern cold region of no-tillage and straw mulching soybean seeder based on cornsoybean rotation mode,under natural conditions,straw residual stress method and multiple comparison method were used to explore the decomposition law of straw mulching on the surface and the effects of organic fertilizer application on straw decomposition,which was systematically studied.The results showed that the surface mulching straw could decompose naturally,which had obvious stages.The degradation rate of straw was 56.3%without being torn by mechanical shear and 62.4%after being torn.The degradation rate of corn straw in different parts was significantly different(P<0.05),and the degradation rate of straw decreases linearly from top to bottom.The application of organic fertilizer had significant promoting effect on straw decomposition(P<0.05).The results revealed the decomposition characteristics of corn straw mulching and returning to the field in the northern cold region based on 2BMFJ no-till straw seeder,which filled the blank of straw decomposition law of different forms of straw mulching in the northern cold region under the rotation mode of corn-soybean field in the northern cold region and provided theoretical support for the popularization and application of no-tillage straw mulching precision soybean sowing mechanization technology in the northern cold region under the rotation mode of corn-soybean field in the northern cold region.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 免耕覆秸 秸秆还田 残余应力 腐解 

分 类 号：S233.73[农业科学—农业机械化工程]