化肥减施结合菌肥对寒地粳稻产量及肥料利用率的影响  

Effects of Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Microbial Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Rate in Cold Region

作　　者：李杰[1,2] 姬景红[1] 李玉影[1] 刘双全[1] 佟玉欣[1] 郑雨[1] 李伟群[1] LI Jie;JI Jing-hong;LI Yu-ying;LIU Shuang-quan;TONG Yu-xin;ZHENG Yu;LI Wei-qun(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,The Key Lab of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province,Research Center of Fertilizer Engineering and Technology of Heilongjian Province,Harbin 150086,China;Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Daqing 163316,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室/黑龙江省肥料工程技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆163316

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2019年第10期45-49,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200200);黑龙江省水稻现代农业产业技术协同创新体系(黑农委体系(水稻)[2017]1号)

摘　　要：为明确肥料减施及微生物肥料效果,通过田间小区试验的方法,以农民常规施肥(FP)作对照,研究养分专家系统(NE)推荐施肥技术及添加不同微生物肥料对水稻产量和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明:采用NE推荐施肥技术化肥减量20%与农民常规施肥处理水稻农艺性状及产量变化不大,处理间差异不显著,说明农民施肥中肥料用量偏高。添加的3种微生物菌剂(肥)虽然并没有对水稻产量有显著的提高作用,但与农民常规施肥处理相比,NE推荐施肥及NE推荐施肥结合微生物菌肥的4个处理,氮磷肥利用率均显著增加;水稻氮肥利用率平均提高5.93、5.82、6.83和9.73百分点,磷肥利用率提高3.46、3.79、4.33和4.96百分点,钾肥利用率提高12.92、9.11、14.05和17.69百分点,达到减肥不减产,从而提高肥料利用率的效果。In order to clarify the effect of fertilizer reduction and microbial fertilizer,conventional fertilization by farmers as control,the effect of nutrient expert system(NE)fertilization and microbial fertilizer on rice yield and fertilizer utilization rate were studied by plot experiments.The results showed that there was no significant difference in agronomic characters and yield of rice between the fertilizer reduction of 20%by NE recommended fertilization technique and the farmer’s practiced fertilization treatment,indicating that the amount of fertilizer applied by farmers was higher.Although the three microbial agents(fertilizer)added did not significantly improve the yield of rice,compared with the farmer’s practiced fertilization treatment,the nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer utilization rate increased significantly in the four treatments of NE recommended fertilization and NE recommended fertilization combined with microbial fertilizer.The average utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in rice was increased by 5.93,5.82,6.83 and 9.73 percentage points,that of phosphate fertilizer by 3.46,3.79,4.33 and 4.96 percentage points,and that of potash fertilizer by 12.92,9.11,14.05 and 17.69 percentage points.Achieving to reduce the amount of fertilizer does not reduce production,improve fertilizer use efficiency.

关 键 词：微生物肥料 水稻 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]