打破光学成像的衍射和多散射极限  

Overcoming Diffraction and Multiple-Scattering Limitations in Optical Imaging

作　　者：拉斐尔·匹斯通 Rafael Piestun(University of Colorado Boulder,Boulder 80309-0552,USA)

机构地区：[1]科罗拉多大学博尔德分校，科罗拉多州 博尔德 80309-0552,美国

出　　处：《光学与光电技术》2019年第5期1-5,共5页Optics & Optoelectronic Technology

摘　　要：光学计算成像旨在通过照明、光路、探测器以及重建算法等的共同努力来提高光学系统的成像性能,实现新的功能。讨论了两个值得关注的计算成像例子:超越衍射极限的光学成像和复杂媒介成像。第一个例子也被称为超分辨成像,研究者们打破了保持了130多年的阿贝衍射极限,为纳米尺度的光学成像带来了前所未有的机会:将基于光激活和光转换蛋白的荧光成像技术和计算光学成像系统相结合,可以提供宽场单分子检测能力;将三维点扩散函数工程和最优重建算法结合,进一步提高了系统的三维分辨能力。第二个例子是关于透过强散射介质的聚焦和成像,是近年光学领域的研究热点。通过使用反馈系统和光学调制来实现波前控制,可以克服介质传播中的多散射效应。特别值得指出的是,将相位控制全息技术跟微机电技术相结合,可以实现散射介质状态的高速评估,从而能够在动态强散射介质样品上实现聚焦。Optical computational imaging seeks enhanced performance and new functionality by the joint design of illumination,optics,detectors,and reconstruction algorithms.Two remarkable examples discussed here enable overcoming the diffraction limit and imaging through complex media.Abbe*s resolution limit has been overcome after more than 130 years enabling unprecedented opportunities for optical imaging at the nanoscale.Fluorescence imaging using photoactivatable,or photoswitchable molecules within computational optical systems offers single molecule sensitivity within a wide field of view.The advent of three-dimensional point spread function engineering associated with optimal reconstruction algorithms provides a unique approach to further increase resolution in three dimensions.Focusing and imaging through strongly scattering media has also been accomplished recently in the optical regime.By using a feedback system and optical modulation,the resulting wavefronts overcome the effects of multiple scattering upon propagation through the medium.In particular,a phase-control holographic technique helps characterize scattering media at high-speed using micro-electro-mechanical technology,allowing focusing through a temporally dynamic,strongly scattering sample.

关 键 词：超分辨成像 强散射介质 光学计算成像 衍射 多散射 

分 类 号：TN731[电子电信—电路与系统]