珊瑚礁生态系统中微塑料污染及其生态效应研究进展  

Progress on microplastics pollution in coral reef ecosystems and its ecological effects

作　　者：潘云凤 李恒翔[1,2] 林朗 刘珊[1,2] 何伟宏[2,3] 徐向荣 PAN Yun-feng;LI Heng-xiang;LIN Lang;LIU Shan;HE Wei-hong;XU Xiang-rong(CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;Marine Environmental Engineering Center,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China).)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院,广东广州510301 [3]中国科学院南海海洋研究所海洋环境工程中心,广东广州510301 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境生态学》2019年第3期15-25,共11页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41876129);中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院课题(ISEE2019ZR0,ISEE2018PY03)资助

摘　　要：近年来,海洋环境中的微塑料作为一类新型污染物受到了国内外的广泛关注。海洋微塑料颗粒小、数量多、分布广、携带有毒有害物质、易被生物摄入,因此成为影响珊瑚礁生态系统健康的重要因素。通过文献调研,综述了近5年国内外在珊瑚礁生态系统中微塑料污染及其生态效应方面的研究进展,主要内容包括:(1)微塑料在珊瑚礁海域环境介质和生物体内的分布特征及影响因素;(2)微塑料对珊瑚生长发育、摄食及病害的影响;(3)微塑料对珊瑚礁生态系统其他关键物种的影响。最后,结合珊瑚礁生态系统的微塑料污染特征,提出未来研究工作应重点加强珊瑚礁生态系统中微塑料污染调查与监测、建立珊瑚礁相关的微塑料研究方法体系、探究微塑料毒性及其复合污染效应、评价微塑料污染对珊瑚礁生态系统的健康风险、解析微塑料污染来源及建立微塑料污染的管理控制体系几个方面,以提升我国珊瑚礁生态系统的微塑料研究水平和污染监管能力。As an emerging pollutant in global environment,marine microplastics have received widespread attention in recent years.Microplastics have been detected with properties such as small particle sizes,high abundance,wide distribution,carrying toxic and harmful substances,and ingestion by various organisms in the marine environment.Thus,microplastics are one of important factors affecting the health of coral reef ecosystems.This review systematically summarizes the research progress on microplastic pollution in coral reef ecosystems and its ecological effects during the past five years.The main contents include:(1)Microplastic occurrence in environmental media and organisms in sea areas around coral reefs,and the important influential factors on their distribution;(2)Biological effects of microplastic presence on growth,feeding and disease of corals;(3)Impacts of microplastics on other key species in coral reef ecosystems.Based on the current microplastic pollution characteristics in coral reef ecosystems,future studies are suggested to focus on the following topics:(1)strengthening the monitoring of microplastic pollution in coral reef ecosystems;(2)establishing the analytical methods for microplastics in coral reef ecosystems;(3)exploring the toxicity and biological adverse effects of microplastics and associated pollutants;(4)assessing the microplastics pollution on the health of coral reef ecosystems;(5)tracing the main pollution sources of microplastics;(6)establishing an effective management and supervisory systems for controlling the microplastic pollution.All these topics will be helpful to control microplastic pollution and protect the coral reef ecosystems in China.

关 键 词：微塑料 珊瑚礁生态系统 污染 生态效应 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]